Abstract
Improvements in market value of hard red spring wheat (HRS, Triticum aestivum L.) are linked to breeding efforts to increase grain protein concentration (GPC). Numerous studies have been conducted on the identification, isolation of a chromosome region (Gpc-B1) of Wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. dicoccoides) and its introgression into commercial hard wheat to GPC. Yet there has been limited research published on the comparative responsiveness of these altered lines and their parents to varied N supply. There is increased awareness that wheat genetic improvements must be assessed over a range of environmental and agronomic management conditions to assess stability. We report herein on economically optimal yield, protein and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) component responses of two Pacific Northwestern USA cultivars, Tara and Scarlet compared to backcrossed derived near isolines with or without the Gpc-B1 allele. A field experiment with 5 N rates as whole plots and 8 genotypes as subplots was conducted over two years under semi-arid, dryland conditions. One goal was to evaluate the efficacy of the Gpc-B1 allele under a range of low to high N supply. Across all genotypes, grain yield responses to N supply followed the classic Mitscherlich response model, whereas GPC followed inverse quadratic or linear responses. The Gpc-B1 introgression had no major impact on grain protein, but grain N and total above ground crop N yields demonstrated quadratic responses to total N supply. Generally, higher maximum grain yields and steeper rise to the maxima (Mitscherlich c values) were obtained in the first site-year. Tara required less N supply to achieve GPC goals than Scarlet in both site-years. Genotypes with Gpc-B1 produced comparable or slightly lower Mitscherlich A values than unmodified genotypes, but displayed similar Mitscherlich c values. Target GPC goals were not achieved at economic optimal yields based on set wheat pricing. Economic optimization of N inputs to achieve protein goals showed positive revenue from additional N inputs for most genotypes. While N uptake efficiency did not drop below 0.40, N fertilizer-induced increases in grain N harvest correlated well with unused post-harvest soil N that is potentially susceptible to environmental loss.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Across genotypes, grain yield responded to N supply following the Mitscherlich model.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- N supplye2
- Outcome
- grain yield responses to N supplye2
- Setting
- semi-arid, dryland conditionse3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Improvements in market value of hard red spring wheat (HRS, Triticum aestivum L.) are linked to breeding efforts to increase grain protein concentration (GPC)”
e2“Across all genotypes, grain yield responses to N supply followed the classic Mitscherlich response model, whereas GPC followed inverse quadratic or linear responses”
e3“A field experiment with 5 N rates as whole plots and 8 genotypes as subplots was conducted over two years under semi-arid, dryland conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain protein concentration followed inverse quadratic or linear responses to N supply.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- N supplye2
- Outcome
- GPCe2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Improvements in market value of hard red spring wheat (HRS, Triticum aestivum L.) are linked to breeding efforts to increase grain protein concentration (GPC)”
e2“Across all genotypes, grain yield responses to N supply followed the classic Mitscherlich response model, whereas GPC followed inverse quadratic or linear responses”
Claim · model-written summary
The Gpc-B1 introgression had no major impact on grain protein.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Gpc-B1 introgressione3
- Gene
- Gpc-B1e3
- Outcome
- grain proteine3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Improvements in market value of hard red spring wheat (HRS, Triticum aestivum L.) are linked to breeding efforts to increase grain protein concentration (GPC)”
e3“The Gpc-B1 introgression had no major impact on grain protein, but grain N and total above ground crop N yields demonstrated quadratic responses to total N supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain N and total above ground crop N yields showed quadratic responses to total N supply.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- total N supplye3
- Outcome
- grain N and total above ground crop N yieldse3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Improvements in market value of hard red spring wheat (HRS, Triticum aestivum L.) are linked to breeding efforts to increase grain protein concentration (GPC)”
e3“The Gpc-B1 introgression had no major impact on grain protein, but grain N and total above ground crop N yields demonstrated quadratic responses to total N supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum grain yields were higher in the first site-year.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- maximum grain yieldse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Setting
- first site-yeare4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Improvements in market value of hard red spring wheat (HRS, Triticum aestivum L.) are linked to breeding efforts to increase grain protein concentration (GPC)”
e4“Generally, higher maximum grain yields and steeper rise to the maxima (Mitscherlich c values) were obtained in the first site-year”
Claim · model-written summary
The rise to the maxima (Mitscherlich c values) was steeper in the first site-year.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- rise to the maxima (Mitscherlich c values)e4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
- Setting
- first site-yeare4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Improvements in market value of hard red spring wheat (HRS, Triticum aestivum L.) are linked to breeding efforts to increase grain protein concentration (GPC)”
e4“Generally, higher maximum grain yields and steeper rise to the maxima (Mitscherlich c values) were obtained in the first site-year”
Claim · model-written summary
Tara required less N supply than Scarlet to achieve GPC goals in both site-years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Tarae5
- Outcome
- N supplye5
- Direction
- lesse5
- Comparator
- Scarlete5
- Setting
- both site-yearse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Improvements in market value of hard red spring wheat (HRS, Triticum aestivum L.) are linked to breeding efforts to increase grain protein concentration (GPC)”
e5“Tara required less N supply to achieve GPC goals than Scarlet in both site-years”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotypes with Gpc-B1 produced comparable or slightly lower Mitscherlich A values than unmodified genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Gpc-B1e6
- Outcome
- Mitscherlich A valuese6
- Direction
- slightly lowere6
- Comparator
- unmodified genotypese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Improvements in market value of hard red spring wheat (HRS, Triticum aestivum L.) are linked to breeding efforts to increase grain protein concentration (GPC)”
e6“Genotypes with Gpc-B1 produced comparable or slightly lower Mitscherlich A values than unmodified genotypes, but displayed similar Mitscherlich c values”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotypes with Gpc-B1 displayed similar Mitscherlich c values to unmodified genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Gpc-B1e6
- Outcome
- Mitscherlich c valuese6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
- Comparator
- unmodified genotypese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Improvements in market value of hard red spring wheat (HRS, Triticum aestivum L.) are linked to breeding efforts to increase grain protein concentration (GPC)”
e6“Genotypes with Gpc-B1 produced comparable or slightly lower Mitscherlich A values than unmodified genotypes, but displayed similar Mitscherlich c values”
Claim · model-written summary
Target GPC goals were not achieved at economic optimal yields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- Target GPC goalse7
- Qualifier
- at economic optimal yieldse7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Improvements in market value of hard red spring wheat (HRS, Triticum aestivum L.) are linked to breeding efforts to increase grain protein concentration (GPC)”
e7“Target GPC goals were not achieved at economic optimal yields based on set wheat pricing”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic optimization of N inputs showed positive revenue from additional N inputs for most genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- revenue from additional N inputse0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- for most genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Improvements in market value of hard red spring wheat (HRS, Triticum aestivum L.) are linked to breeding efforts to increase grain protein concentration (GPC)”
e0“Economic optimization of N inputs to achieve protein goals showed positive revenue from additional N inputs for most genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
N uptake efficiency did not drop below 0.40.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- N uptake efficiencye2
- Direction
- did not drop belowe2
- Value
- 0.40e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Improvements in market value of hard red spring wheat (HRS, Triticum aestivum L.) are linked to breeding efforts to increase grain protein concentration (GPC)”
e2“While N uptake efficiency did not drop below 0.40, N fertilizer-induced increases in grain N harvest correlated well with unused post-harvest soil N that is potentially susceptible to environmental loss”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilizer-induced increases in grain N harvest correlated with unused post-harvest soil N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- N fertilizere2
- Outcome
- grain N harveste2
- Qualifier
- unused post-harvest soil Ne2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Improvements in market value of hard red spring wheat (HRS, Triticum aestivum L.) are linked to breeding efforts to increase grain protein concentration (GPC)”
e2“While N uptake efficiency did not drop below 0.40, N fertilizer-induced increases in grain N harvest correlated well with unused post-harvest soil N that is potentially susceptible to environmental loss”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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