Abstract
BACKGROUND: Safeners extend the application of existing herbicides by selectively enhancing tolerance in large-grained cereal crops. While their activity is linked to enhanced herbicide metabolism, their exact mode of action and reasons for their crop specificity have yet to be determined. In this study, we investigated the selectivity of the recently developed sulfonamide safener cyprosulfamide (CSA) in maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), focusing on its uptake, distribution and metabolism in the two species. RESULTS: CSA protected maize, but not wheat, from injury by thiencarbazone-methyl (TCM). This correlated with the selective enhanced detoxification of the herbicide in maize. CSA underwent more rapid metabolism in maize than in wheat, with the formation of a specific hydroxylated metabolite correlating with safening. Studies with the nsf1 mutant sweetcorn line showed that the hydroxylation of CSA was partly mediated by the cytochrome P450 CYP81A9. However, primary metabolites of CSA were chemically synthesised and tested for their ability to safen TCM in maize but when tested were inactive as safeners. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the protection against TCM injury by CSA is linked to enhanced herbicide metabolism. This selective activity is due to the specific recognition of parent CSA in maize but not in wheat. Subsequent rapid oxidative metabolism of CSA led to its inactivation, demonstrating that cytochrome P450s regulate the activity of safeners as well as herbicides. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
CSA protected maize from TCM injury.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CSA protected maize, but not wheat, from injury by thiencarbazone-methyl (TCM)”
Claim · model-written summary
CSA did not protect wheat from TCM injury.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- CSAe0
- Outcome
- injury by thiencarbazone-methyl (TCM)e0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CSA protected maize, but not wheat, from injury by thiencarbazone-methyl (TCM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide detoxification was selectively enhanced in maize in correlation with safening.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This correlated with the selective enhanced detoxification of the herbicide in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
CSA metabolism was faster in maize than wheat.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CSA underwent more rapid metabolism in maize than in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Formation of a hydroxylated CSA metabolite correlated with safening.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the formation of a specific hydroxylated metabolite correlating with safening”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
CYP81A9 partly mediated CSA hydroxylation in the nsf1 sweetcorn line.
Verbatim
e0“Studies with the nsf1 mutant sweetcorn line showed that the hydroxylation of CSA was partly mediated by the cytochrome P450 CYP81A9”
Claim · model-written summary
Primary CSA metabolites did not safen TCM in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“primary metabolites of CSA were chemically synthesised and tested for their ability to safen TCM in maize but when tested were inactive as safeners”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors link CSA protection from TCM injury to enhanced herbicide metabolism.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the protection against TCM injury by CSA is linked to enhanced herbicide metabolism”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attribute selectivity to parent CSA recognition in maize but not wheat.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This selective activity is due to the specific recognition of parent CSA in maize but not in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapid oxidative CSA metabolism inactivated it.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsequent rapid oxidative metabolism of CSA led to its inactivation”
t0“maize”
The same questions in other papers
cyprosulfamide · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
cyprosulfamide · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.