Abstract
The present study was conducted with the cultivar ‘Fuji’ grafted on M9 rootstock in both 2014 and 2016 years. The effect of PGPR (Bacillus subtilis EY2, Bacillus atrophaeus EY6, Bacillus spharicus GC subgroup B EY30, Staphylococcus kloosii EY37 and Kocuria erythromyxa EY43) were investigated under salt stress conditions. PGPR’s effects were tested on leaf relative water content (LRWC), membrane permeability, stomatal conductivity, photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll content (by SPAD-502). The saplings were grown in pots filled 2:1:1 peat: perlite: sand. Salinity was obtained by NaCl: Na2SO4: CaCl2: MgSO4 (7:9:3:1) solution. The solution was applied twice a week with irrigation during the growing period. When the salinity reached 2.5-3.0 dScm-1, the solution application was ended. All bacteria treatments significantly reduced the physiological damage of leaves compared with the salt treatment in both two years. The LRWC range from 13.33 % (salt treatment) to 26.76 % (control). The best result of bacteria treatment was measured in EY43 with 23.93 % LRWC. The highest rate of membrane permeability was found in salt treatment (30.35 %). The stomatal conductivity was decreased in the salt application (154.35 mmol m-2s-1) unlike EY43 treatment (234.44 mmol m-2s-1). Similarly, EY43 treatment significantly increased photosynthetic activity (15.24 µmol CO2 m-2s-1) compared with the salt treatment (8.22 µmol CO2 m-2s-1). As a result, bacteria strains had been ameliorative of the deleterious effects under salt stress on “Fuji”.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial treatments significantly reduced leaf physiological damage relative to salt treatment in both years.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- bacteria treatmentse0
- Outcome
- physiological damage of leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- salt treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All bacteria treatments significantly reduced the physiological damage of leaves compared with the salt treatment in both two years”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment had 13.33% leaf relative water content versus 26.76% in controls.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- LRWCe0
- Value
- 13.33 %e0
- Qualifier
- 26.76 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The LRWC range from 13.33 % (salt treatment) to 26.76 % (control)”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
EY43 had the best bacterial LRWC result at 23.93%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best result of bacteria treatment was measured in EY43 with 23.93 % LRWC”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment had the highest membrane permeability at 30.35%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- membrane permeabilitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 30.35 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest rate of membrane permeability was found in salt treatment (30.35 %)”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt reduced stomatal conductivity to 154.35 mmol m-2s-1 relative to EY43 at 234.44.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- salt applicatione0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductivitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 154.35 mmol m-2s-1e0
- Qualifier
- 234.44 mmol m-2s-1e0
- Comparator
- EY43 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stomatal conductivity was decreased in the salt application (154.35 mmol m-2s-1) unlike EY43 treatment (234.44 mmol m-2s-1)”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
EY43 significantly increased photosynthetic activity to 15.24 µmol CO2 m-2s-1 versus salt treatment at 8.22.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- EY43 treatmente0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.24 µmol CO2 m-2s-1e0
- Qualifier
- 8.22 µmol CO2 m-2s-1e0
- Comparator
- salt treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EY43 treatment significantly increased photosynthetic activity (15.24 µmol CO2 m-2s-1) compared with the salt treatment (8.22 µmol CO2 m-2s-1)”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude bacterial strains ameliorated salt stress effects in Fuji.
Verbatim
e0“bacteria strains had been ameliorative of the deleterious effects under salt stress on “Fuji””
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · pest · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
salinity · physiology: water · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
salinity · physiology: oxidative · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.