Abstract
The maize (Zea mays L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system (MWCS) could be better alternative to rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS), due to its lower water requirement, methane (CH4) emission and soil degradation. However, the global warming potential (GWP), greenhouse gas intensity (GHGi) and benefit cost ratio (BCR) of the MWCS need to be quantified in order to propose management practices for GWP mitigation. To achieve the objective of the study a field experiment was conducted at the ICAR-IARI, New Delhi during 2012-14. The experiment consisted of six treatments, viz. N0 (control), Urea, Urea+FYM, FYM, Urea+NI (nitrification inhibitor) and NOCU (neem oil coated urea). Two-year average results showed that as compared to urea treatment, GWP of MWCS lowered by 6, 16, 31 and 62% in urea+NI, NOCU, Urea+FYM and FYM, respectively. GHGi lowered by 6, 6, 24 and 46% in urea+NI, NOCU, Urea+FYM and FYM, respectively. The BCR was higher in NOCU and Urea+NI as compared to urea treatment; however, it was lower in FYM and urea+FYM. Thus, NOCU is capable for mitigating GWP and lowering GHGi with higher BCR from MWCS.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Urea+NI lowered GWP of the maize-wheat system by 6% relative to urea treatment.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize (Zea mays L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system (MWCS) could be better alternative to rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS)”
e1“Two-year average results showed that as compared to urea treatment, GWP of MWCS lowered by 6, 16, 31 and 62% in urea+NI, NOCU, Urea+FYM and FYM, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NOCU lowered GWP of the maize-wheat system by 16% relative to urea treatment.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize (Zea mays L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system (MWCS) could be better alternative to rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS)”
e1“Two-year average results showed that as compared to urea treatment, GWP of MWCS lowered by 6, 16, 31 and 62% in urea+NI, NOCU, Urea+FYM and FYM, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea+FYM lowered GWP of the maize-wheat system by 31% relative to urea treatment.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize (Zea mays L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system (MWCS) could be better alternative to rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS)”
e1“Two-year average results showed that as compared to urea treatment, GWP of MWCS lowered by 6, 16, 31 and 62% in urea+NI, NOCU, Urea+FYM and FYM, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM lowered GWP of the maize-wheat system by 62% relative to urea treatment.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize (Zea mays L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system (MWCS) could be better alternative to rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS)”
e1“Two-year average results showed that as compared to urea treatment, GWP of MWCS lowered by 6, 16, 31 and 62% in urea+NI, NOCU, Urea+FYM and FYM, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea+NI lowered greenhouse gas intensity (GHGi) of the maize-wheat system by 6%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize (Zea mays L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system (MWCS) could be better alternative to rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS)”
e1“Two-year average results showed that as compared to urea treatment, GWP of MWCS lowered by 6, 16, 31 and 62% in urea+NI, NOCU, Urea+FYM and FYM, respectively”
e2“GHGi lowered by 6, 6, 24 and 46% in urea+NI, NOCU, Urea+FYM and FYM, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NOCU lowered greenhouse gas intensity (GHGi) of the maize-wheat system by 6%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize (Zea mays L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system (MWCS) could be better alternative to rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS)”
e1“Two-year average results showed that as compared to urea treatment, GWP of MWCS lowered by 6, 16, 31 and 62% in urea+NI, NOCU, Urea+FYM and FYM, respectively”
e2“GHGi lowered by 6, 6, 24 and 46% in urea+NI, NOCU, Urea+FYM and FYM, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea+FYM lowered greenhouse gas intensity (GHGi) of the maize-wheat system by 24%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize (Zea mays L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system (MWCS) could be better alternative to rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS)”
e1“Two-year average results showed that as compared to urea treatment, GWP of MWCS lowered by 6, 16, 31 and 62% in urea+NI, NOCU, Urea+FYM and FYM, respectively”
e2“GHGi lowered by 6, 6, 24 and 46% in urea+NI, NOCU, Urea+FYM and FYM, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM lowered greenhouse gas intensity (GHGi) of the maize-wheat system by 46%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize (Zea mays L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system (MWCS) could be better alternative to rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS)”
e1“Two-year average results showed that as compared to urea treatment, GWP of MWCS lowered by 6, 16, 31 and 62% in urea+NI, NOCU, Urea+FYM and FYM, respectively”
e2“GHGi lowered by 6, 6, 24 and 46% in urea+NI, NOCU, Urea+FYM and FYM, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NOCU and Urea+NI gave a higher benefit cost ratio (BCR) than urea treatment.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize (Zea mays L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system (MWCS) could be better alternative to rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS)”
e3“The BCR was higher in NOCU and Urea+NI as compared to urea treatment; however, it was lower in FYM and urea+FYM”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM and urea+FYM gave a lower benefit cost ratio (BCR) than urea treatment.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize (Zea mays L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system (MWCS) could be better alternative to rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS)”
e3“The BCR was higher in NOCU and Urea+NI as compared to urea treatment; however, it was lower in FYM and urea+FYM”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that NOCU can mitigate GWP and lower GHGi with a higher BCR in the maize-wheat system.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize (Zea mays L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system (MWCS) could be better alternative to rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS)”
e4“Thus, NOCU is capable for mitigating GWP and lowering GHGi with higher BCR from MWCS”
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