Abstract
Background and Objective: Unproductive soil has been a major problem to farmers, recent interest in the use of a stable organic manure (biochar) as soil amendment and poultry manure to increase soil fertility is also increasing. Hence, the experiment was conducted to assess the condition of poultry manure and biochar on the growth and yield of tomato. Materials and Methods: A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Federal College of Forestry Ibadan, using polyethylene bag with 5 kg soil collected at two (2) soils depths, 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth at the botanical garden, Federal College of Forestry Ibadan. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The treatments used were poultry manure (5t/ha), biochar (10t/ha), mixture of poultry manure and biochar (1:1) and control (no amendment).The tomato seeds (UC82B) were sourced from NIHORT, Ibadan and raised in a germination basket. Data were collected weekly on plant height, collar diameter and number of leaves, 50% days to flowering and yield of tomato plants from two weeks after transplanting (WAT). Data collected were analyzed statistically using ANOVA while means were separated using LSD (p<0.05) where applicable. Results: In 0-15 cm soil, the growth variables (plant height, number of leaves and collar diameter) increased with various treatments used. The highest tomato height was observed with the application of biochar (10t/ha). All the treatments applied affected the number of tomato leaves at all weeks after transplanting (WAT) with poultry manure 5t/ha having the highest number of leaves at 7WAT, while collar diameter was significantly affected by various treatments from 2 to 5 WAT, with the mixture of P.M + BIO (1:1) recording the highest value and the control plot recorded the least values in all weeks. However, in 15-30 cm soil, there was significant difference in the number of leaves of tomato among all the amended soil from 5 to 7 WAT, the highest tomato leaves were obtained when the soil was amended with poultry manure (5t/ha) and can be compared with other treatments. Interaction of poultry manure and biochar(1:1) and poultry manure 5 t/ha resulted in highest height of tomato plant from 3-7 WAT as compared to the control that had the least value but were not significantly different from the sole application of biochar 10t/ha. Interaction of poultry manure + biochar (1:1) and poultry manure (5t/ha) gave the highest tomato flowering and fruits. Conclusion: Based on this result, biochar and poultry manure when added to soil, boosted the mineralization of the soil after amendment.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Growth variables of tomato increased with the amendments in 0-15 cm soil.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- UC82Be2
- Treatment
- various treatmentse4
- Outcome
- growth variablese4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth and yield of tomato”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Federal College of Forestry Ibadan”
e2“The tomato seeds (UC82B) were sourced from NIHORT, Ibadan”
e3“The treatments used were poultry manure (5t/ha), biochar (10t/ha), mixture of poultry manure and biochar (1:1) and control (no amendment)”
e4“In 0-15 cm soil, the growth variables (plant height, number of leaves and collar diameter) increased with various treatments used”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 10 t/ha gave the highest tomato height.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- UC82Be2
- Treatment
- biochar (10t/ha)e5
- Outcome
- tomato heighte5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Comparator
- control (no amendment)e3
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth and yield of tomato”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Federal College of Forestry Ibadan”
e2“The tomato seeds (UC82B) were sourced from NIHORT, Ibadan”
e3“The treatments used were poultry manure (5t/ha), biochar (10t/ha), mixture of poultry manure and biochar (1:1) and control (no amendment)”
e5“The highest tomato height was observed with the application of biochar (10t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure at 5 t/ha gave the highest number of tomato leaves at 7 WAT.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- UC82Be2
- Treatment
- poultry manure 5t/hae6
- Outcome
- number of leavese6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Qualifier
- 7WATe6
- Comparator
- control (no amendment)e3
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth and yield of tomato”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Federal College of Forestry Ibadan”
e2“The tomato seeds (UC82B) were sourced from NIHORT, Ibadan”
e3“The treatments used were poultry manure (5t/ha), biochar (10t/ha), mixture of poultry manure and biochar (1:1) and control (no amendment)”
e6“All the treatments applied affected the number of tomato leaves at all weeks after transplanting (WAT) with poultry manure 5t/ha having the highest number of leaves at 7WAT”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture of poultry manure and biochar gave the highest collar diameter, with the control lowest in all weeks.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- UC82Be2
- Treatment
- mixture of P.M + BIO (1:1)e7
- Outcome
- collar diametere7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Qualifier
- 2 to 5 WATe7
- Comparator
- control plote7
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth and yield of tomato”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Federal College of Forestry Ibadan”
e2“The tomato seeds (UC82B) were sourced from NIHORT, Ibadan”
e3“The treatments used were poultry manure (5t/ha), biochar (10t/ha), mixture of poultry manure and biochar (1:1) and control (no amendment)”
e7“while collar diameter was significantly affected by various treatments from 2 to 5 WAT, with the mixture of P.M + BIO (1:1) recording the highest value and the control plot recorded the least values in all weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
In 15-30 cm soil, poultry manure at 5 t/ha gave the highest number of tomato leaves from 5 to 7 WAT.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- UC82Be2
- Treatment
- poultry manure (5t/ha)e4
- Outcome
- number of leavese4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Qualifier
- 5 to 7 WATe4
- Comparator
- amended soile4
- Setting
- 15-30 cm soile4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth and yield of tomato”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Federal College of Forestry Ibadan”
e2“The tomato seeds (UC82B) were sourced from NIHORT, Ibadan”
e3“The treatments used were poultry manure (5t/ha), biochar (10t/ha), mixture of poultry manure and biochar (1:1) and control (no amendment)”
e4“However, in 15-30 cm soil, there was significant difference in the number of leaves of tomato among all the amended soil from 5 to 7 WAT, the highest tomato leaves were obtained when the soil was amended with poultry manure (5t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of poultry manure and biochar (1:1) gave the highest tomato plant height from 3 to 7 WAT compared with the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- UC82Be2
- Treatment
- poultry manure and biochar(1:1)e4
- Outcome
- height of tomato plante4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Qualifier
- from 3-7 WATe4
- Comparator
- controle4
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth and yield of tomato”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Federal College of Forestry Ibadan”
e2“The tomato seeds (UC82B) were sourced from NIHORT, Ibadan”
e3“The treatments used were poultry manure (5t/ha), biochar (10t/ha), mixture of poultry manure and biochar (1:1) and control (no amendment)”
e4“Interaction of poultry manure and biochar(1:1) and poultry manure 5 t/ha resulted in highest height of tomato plant from 3-7 WAT as compared to the control that had the least value but were not significantly different from the sole application of biochar 10t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height with the poultry manure and biochar mixture was not significantly different from sole biochar at 10 t/ha.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- UC82Be2
- Treatment
- poultry manure and biochar(1:1)e4
- Outcome
- height of tomato plante4
- Comparator
- sole application of biochar 10t/hae4
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth and yield of tomato”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Federal College of Forestry Ibadan”
e2“The tomato seeds (UC82B) were sourced from NIHORT, Ibadan”
e3“The treatments used were poultry manure (5t/ha), biochar (10t/ha), mixture of poultry manure and biochar (1:1) and control (no amendment)”
e4“Interaction of poultry manure and biochar(1:1) and poultry manure 5 t/ha resulted in highest height of tomato plant from 3-7 WAT as compared to the control that had the least value but were not significantly different from the sole application of biochar 10t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of poultry manure and biochar (1:1), and poultry manure at 5 t/ha, gave the highest tomato flowering and fruiting.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- UC82Be2
- Treatment
- poultry manure + biochar (1:1)e4
- Outcome
- flowering and fruitse4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth and yield of tomato”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Federal College of Forestry Ibadan”
e2“The tomato seeds (UC82B) were sourced from NIHORT, Ibadan”
e3“The treatments used were poultry manure (5t/ha), biochar (10t/ha), mixture of poultry manure and biochar (1:1) and control (no amendment)”
e4“Interaction of poultry manure + biochar (1:1) and poultry manure (5t/ha) gave the highest tomato flowering and fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and poultry manure added to soil boosted soil mineralization after amendment.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- biochar and poultry manuree4
- Outcome
- mineralization of the soile4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth and yield of tomato”
e4“biochar and poultry manure when added to soil, boosted the mineralization of the soil after amendment”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.