Abstract
Metarhizium brunneum is a generalist entomopathogenic fungus known to be virulent against Acari. We investigated Metarhizium brunneum-7 (Mb7) interactions in three systems of phytophagous mites and their respective plant hosts: Volkamer lemon (Citrus volkameriana) and the citrus rust mite Phyllocoptruta oleivora; common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae; and spring onion (Allium cepa) and the bulb mite Rhizoglyphus robini. All three mite species were susceptible to directly applied Mb7 conidia. Results obtained using the standard method for studying endophytic colonization vs. live confocal imaging of plant tissues using the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transformed fungus differed markedly, demonstrating that microscopy validation was more definite than the standard process of recovery from plant tissue. Endophytic colonization was observed in conidium-infiltrated citrus leaves and in roots of onion plants treated with soil-drenched conidia, but not in common bean treated by either spray or drench of conidia. Endophytic colonization of citrus leaves did not affect the citrus mite population. Drench application in common bean reduced two-spotted mite population. Similarly, drench application in onion reduced bulb mite population. This study emphasizes the importance of the host plant effects on Mb7 control efficacy of mite pests, and the merits of live-imaging techniques in studying endophytic interaction.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
All three mite species were susceptible to directly applied Mb7 conidia.
- Taxon
- Volkamer lemone0
- Treatment
- directly applied Mb7 conidiae1
- Interactor
- Phyllocoptruta oleivora
Phyllocoptruta oleivorae0pest - Second interactor
- Metarhizium brunneum-7t0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- citrus rust mite Phyllocoptruta oleivorae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Volkamer lemon (Citrus volkameriana) and the citrus rust mite Phyllocoptruta oleivora; common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae; and spring onion (Allium cepa) and the bulb mite Rhizoglyphus robini”
e1“All three mite species were susceptible to directly applied Mb7 conidia”
t0“Metarhizium brunneum-7”
Claim · model-written summary
The standard recovery method and live confocal imaging differed markedly in detecting endophytic colonization.
Verbatim
e0“Results obtained using the standard method for studying endophytic colonization vs. live confocal imaging of plant tissues using the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transformed fungus differed markedly, demonstrating that microscopy validation was more definite than the standard process of recovery from plant tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Conidium infiltration led to observed endophytic colonization in citrus leaves.
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endophytic colonization was observed in conidium-infiltrated citrus leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil drenching with conidia led to observed endophytic colonization in onion roots.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepae0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- soil-drenched conidiae0
- Outcome
- roots of onion plants treated with soil-drenched conidiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in roots of onion plants treated with soil-drenched conidia”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophytic colonization was not observed in common bean after spray or drench application.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- spray or drench of conidiae0
- Outcome
- not in common beane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not in common bean treated by either spray or drench of conidia”
Claim · model-written summary
Colonization of citrus leaves did not affect citrus mite population.
- Treatment
- Endophytic colonizatione0
- Interactor
- citrus mitee0pest
- Outcome
- citrus mite populatione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endophytic colonization of citrus leaves did not affect the citrus mite population”
Claim · model-written summary
Drench application reduced the two-spotted mite population on common bean.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Drench applicatione0
- Interactor
- two-spotted mite
.jpg?width=60)
Tetranychus urticaee0pest - Outcome
- two-spotted mite populatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Drench application in common bean reduced two-spotted mite population”
Claim · model-written summary
Drench application reduced bulb mite population on onion.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- drench applicatione0
- Interactor
- bulb mitee0pest
- Outcome
- bulb mite populatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drench application in onion reduced bulb mite population”
The same questions in other papers
infection · pest · CitrusPositive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
application · pest · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
application · Tetranychus urticae · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.