Abstract
Abstract Good stands of furrow irrigated onion ( Allium cepa L.) are difficult to obtain in saline areas of the Southwest. This study examined salt effects on seed germination, emergence, and seedling mortality of five onion cultivars in a series of greenhouse experiments at diurnal temperatures of 15 to 25 °C. Germination exceeded 80% within 10 d at solution salinity of 20 dS m −1 or less. Cultivar effects on germination appeared initially, but diminished after approximately 1 wk. Seedling emergence from potted and subirrigated loamy sand declined significantly when salinity of irrigation water exceeded 4.9 dS m −1 . This decline was apparently caused by hypocotyl mortality when the cotyledon came into contact with the salts accumulated at the soil surface, but not by reduced seed germination. Soluble salts accumulated mostly within the top 5 mm of the soil and the accumulation below 5 mm was minimal. The removal of the salted surface layer improved seedling emergence. Leaching of the surface‐accumulated salts into the seedling root zone 3 wk after seeding resulted in seedling mortality of significant magnitude; 12 and 20% in seedlings previously subirrigated with solutions of 2.8 and 4.9 dS m −1 , respectively. A significant increase in seedling mortality was also observed when seedlings were sprayed twice after emergence with saline solutions of 28 and 39 dS m −1 . The ability of cotyledons and seedlings to tolerate salinity, rather than the ability of seed to germinate in highly saline solutions, may be a limiting factor for obtaining good stands in furrow‐irrigated onion in saline areas.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Germination exceeded 80% within 10 days at salinity at most 20 dS m−1.
- Taxon
- Onion
Allium cepat0 - Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Value
- 80%e0
- Qualifier
- within 10 d at solution salinity of 20 dS m −1 or lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination exceeded 80% within 10 d at solution salinity of 20 dS m −1 or less.”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar differences in germination diminished after about one week.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- Cultivar effects on germinatione0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Value
- approximately 1 wke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivar effects on germination appeared initially, but diminished after approximately 1 wk.”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Emergence declined significantly above irrigation water salinity of 4.9 dS m−1.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- salinity of irrigation water exceeded 4.9 dS m −1e0
- Outcome
- Seedling emergencee0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling emergence from potted and subirrigated loamy sand declined significantly when salinity of irrigation water exceeded 4.9 dS m −1 .”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypocotyl mortality after cotyledon contact with surface salt apparently caused emergence decline.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledone0
- Outcome
- hypocotyl mortalitye0
- Qualifier
- salts accumulated at the soil surfacee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This decline was apparently caused by hypocotyl mortality when the cotyledon came into contact with the salts accumulated at the soil surface, but not by reduced seed germination.”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing the salted surface layer improved emergence.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- removal of the salted surface layere0
- Outcome
- seedling emergencee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The removal of the salted surface layer improved seedling emergence.”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaching surface salts caused 12 seedling mortality after 2.8 subirrigation.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Leaching of the surface‐accumulated saltse0
- Outcome
- seedling mortalitye0
- Value
- 12e0
- Qualifier
- 2.8e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaching of the surface‐accumulated salts into the seedling root zone 3 wk after seeding resulted in seedling mortality of significant magnitude; 12 and 20% in seedlings previously subirrigated with solutions of 2.8 and 4.9 dS m −1 , respectively.”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaching surface salts caused 20% seedling mortality after 4.9 subirrigation.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Leaching of the surface‐accumulated saltse0
- Outcome
- seedling mortalitye0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Qualifier
- 4.9e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaching of the surface‐accumulated salts into the seedling root zone 3 wk after seeding resulted in seedling mortality of significant magnitude; 12 and 20% in seedlings previously subirrigated with solutions of 2.8 and 4.9 dS m −1 , respectively.”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline spraying significantly increased seedling mortality.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- sprayed twice after emergence with saline solutions of 28 and 39 dS m −1e0
- Outcome
- seedling mortalitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant increase in seedling mortality was also observed when seedlings were sprayed twice after emergence with saline solutions of 28 and 39 dS m −1 .”
t0“Onion”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 40 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
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3 in the opposite direction
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irrigation · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 35 in the opposite direction
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56 papers more in this group
See all 60 papers →salinity · pest · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.