Abstract
Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) often enhances rates of photosynthesis leading to increased productivity in trees. In their native habitats in Australia, eucalypts display considerable phenotypic plasticity in response to changes in environmental conditions. Little is known whether this plasticity can be harnessed effectively under future atmospheric eCO2 conditions and be used to identify provenances with superior growth. Here, we report two experiments that assessed the physiological and growth responses of Eucalyptus grandis – one of the world’s most important hardwood plantation species – to eCO2. We used 11 provenances from contrasting climates. Our selection was based on site-specific information of long-term temperature and water availability. In Experiment 1, four provenances exhibited significant variation in light-saturated photosynthetic rates (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs) and concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves, stems and roots when grown under ambient CO2 (aCO2). Biomass of leaves, stems and roots varied significantly and were negatively correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT) at seed origin, indicating that provenances from cooler, wetter climates generally produced greater biomass. Yet, stem growth of these provenances was not stimulated by eCO2. Given the vast environmental gradient covered by provenances of E. grandis, we expanded the selection from four to nine provenances in Experiment 2. This allowed us to validate results from Experiment 1 with its small selection and detailed measurements of various physiological parameters by focusing on growth responses to eCO2 across a wider environmental gradient in Experiment 2. In Experiment 2, nine provenances also exhibited intraspecific differences in growth, but these were not related to climate of origin, and eCO2 had little effect on growth traits. Growth responses under eCO2 varied widely across provenances in both experiments, confirming phenotypic plasticity in E. grandis, though responses were not systematically correlated with climate of origin. These results indicate that selection of provenances for improved stem growth of E. grandis under future eCO2 cannot be based solely on climate of origin, as is common practice for other planted tree species.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Four Eucalyptus grandis provenances varied significantly in light-saturated photosynthetic rates (Asat) under ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandis
Eucalyptus grandise0 - Material
- four provenancese1
- Outcome
- light-saturated photosynthetic rates (Asat)e1
- Qualifier
- ambient CO2 (aCO2)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eucalyptus grandis – one of the world’s most important hardwood plantation species – to eCO2”
e1“four provenances exhibited significant variation in light-saturated photosynthetic rates (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs) and concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves, stems and roots when grown under ambient CO2 (aCO2).”
Claim · model-written summary
Four Eucalyptus grandis provenances varied significantly in stomatal conductance (gs) under ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandise0
- Material
- four provenancese1
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance (gs)e1
- Qualifier
- ambient CO2 (aCO2)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eucalyptus grandis – one of the world’s most important hardwood plantation species – to eCO2”
e1“four provenances exhibited significant variation in light-saturated photosynthetic rates (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs) and concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves, stems and roots when grown under ambient CO2 (aCO2).”
Claim · model-written summary
Four Eucalyptus grandis provenances varied significantly in concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves, stems and roots under ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandise0
- Material
- four provenancese1
- Outcome
- concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves, stems and rootse1
- Qualifier
- ambient CO2 (aCO2)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eucalyptus grandis – one of the world’s most important hardwood plantation species – to eCO2”
e1“four provenances exhibited significant variation in light-saturated photosynthetic rates (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs) and concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves, stems and roots when grown under ambient CO2 (aCO2).”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf, stem and root biomass differed significantly among provenances.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandise0
- Outcome
- Biomass of leaves, stems and rootse1
- Direction
- variede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eucalyptus grandis – one of the world’s most important hardwood plantation species – to eCO2”
e1“Biomass of leaves, stems and roots varied significantly and were negatively correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT) at seed origin, indicating that provenances from cooler, wetter climates generally produced greater biomass.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass was negatively correlated with mean annual temperature at seed origin.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandise0
- Outcome
- Biomass of leaves, stems and rootse1
- Direction
- negatively correlatede1
- Qualifier
- mean annual temperature (MAT)e1
- Setting
- seed origine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eucalyptus grandis – one of the world’s most important hardwood plantation species – to eCO2”
e1“Biomass of leaves, stems and roots varied significantly and were negatively correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT) at seed origin, indicating that provenances from cooler, wetter climates generally produced greater biomass.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cooler, wetter origin provenances generally produced greater biomass.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandise0
- Material
- provenancese1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Setting
- cooler, wetter climatese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eucalyptus grandis – one of the world’s most important hardwood plantation species – to eCO2”
e1“Biomass of leaves, stems and roots varied significantly and were negatively correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT) at seed origin, indicating that provenances from cooler, wetter climates generally produced greater biomass.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 did not stimulate stem growth in Experiment 1.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandise0
- Treatment
- eCO2e1
- Outcome
- stem growthe1
- Direction
- not stimulatede1
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 (aCO2)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eucalyptus grandis – one of the world’s most important hardwood plantation species – to eCO2”
e1“Yet, stem growth of these provenances was not stimulated by eCO2.”
e2“under ambient CO2 (aCO2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine provenances differed in growth in Experiment 2.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandise0
- Material
- nine provenancese1
- Outcome
- intraspecific differences in growthe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eucalyptus grandis – one of the world’s most important hardwood plantation species – to eCO2”
e1“In Experiment 2, nine provenances also exhibited intraspecific differences in growth, but these were not related to climate of origin, and eCO2 had little effect on growth traits.”
Claim · model-written summary
Experiment 2 growth differences were unrelated to climate of origin.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandise0
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Setting
- climate of origine1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eucalyptus grandis – one of the world’s most important hardwood plantation species – to eCO2”
e1“In Experiment 2, nine provenances also exhibited intraspecific differences in growth, but these were not related to climate of origin, and eCO2 had little effect on growth traits.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had little effect on growth traits in Experiment 2.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandise0
- Treatment
- eCO2e1
- Outcome
- growth traitse1
- Direction
- little effecte1
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 (aCO2)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eucalyptus grandis – one of the world’s most important hardwood plantation species – to eCO2”
e1“In Experiment 2, nine provenances also exhibited intraspecific differences in growth, but these were not related to climate of origin, and eCO2 had little effect on growth traits.”
e2“under ambient CO2 (aCO2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth responses to elevated CO2 varied widely across provenances in both experiments.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandise0
- Material
- provenancese1
- Outcome
- Growth responses under eCO2e1
- Direction
- varied widelye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eucalyptus grandis – one of the world’s most important hardwood plantation species – to eCO2”
e1“Growth responses under eCO2 varied widely across provenances in both experiments, confirming phenotypic plasticity in E. grandis, though responses were not systematically correlated with climate of origin.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 growth responses were not systematically correlated with origin climate.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandise0
- Outcome
- responsese1
- Setting
- climate of origine1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eucalyptus grandis – one of the world’s most important hardwood plantation species – to eCO2”
e1“Growth responses under eCO2 varied widely across provenances in both experiments, confirming phenotypic plasticity in E. grandis, though responses were not systematically correlated with climate of origin.”
Claim · model-written summary
Provenance selection for improved future stem growth under elevated CO2 should not rely solely on origin climate.
- Taxon
- E. grandisEucalyptus grandise1
- Outcome
- selection of provenances for improved stem growth of E. grandis under future eCO2 cannot be based solely on climate of origine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eucalyptus grandis – one of the world’s most important hardwood plantation species – to eCO2”
e1“selection of provenances for improved stem growth of E. grandis under future eCO2 cannot be based solely on climate of origin”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · growth · Eucalyptus grandis (rose gum)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.