Abstract
Abstract Eucalypts are important forest resources in southwestern China, and may be tolerant to elevated ground-level ozone (O 3 ) concentrations that can negatively affect plant growth. High CO 2 may offset O 3 -induced effects by providing excess carbon to produce secondary metabolites or by inducing stomatal closure. Here, the effects of elevated CO 2 and O 3 on leaf secondary metabolites and other defense chemicals were studied by exposing seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis, and E. camaldulensis × E. deglupta to a factorial combination of two levels of O 3 (< 10 nmol mol −1 and 60 nmol mol −1 ) and CO 2 (ambient: 370 μmol mol −1 and 600 μmol mol −1 ) in open-top field chambers. GC-profiles of leaf extracts illustrated the effect of elevated O 3 and the countering effect of high CO 2 on compounds in leaf epicuticular wax and essential oils, i.e., n -icosane, geranyl acetate and elixene, compounds known as a first-line defense against insect herbivores. n -Icosane may be involved in tolerance mechanisms of E. grandis and the hybrid, while geranyl acetate and elixene in the tolerance of E. globulus . Elevated O 3 and CO 2 , singly or in combination, affected only leaf physiology but not biomass of various organs. Elevated CO 2 impacted several leaf traits, including stomatal conductance, leaf mass per area, carbon, lignin, n -icosane, geranyl acetate and elixene. Limited effects of elevated O 3 on leaf physiology (nitrogen, n -icosane, geranyl acetate, elixene) were commonly offset by elevated CO 2 . We conclude that E. globulus , E. grandis and the hybrid were tolerant to these O 3 and CO 2 treatments, and n -icosane, geranyl acetate and elixene may be major players in tolerance mechanisms of the tested species.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ozone altered leaf wax and oil compounds, and elevated carbon dioxide countered this effect.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis, and E. camaldulensis × E. deglupta
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Eucalyptus globulus
Eucalyptus grandise1 - Treatment
- elevated O 3e0
- Outcome
- compounds in leaf epicuticular wax and essential oilse0
- Qualifier
- countering effect of high CO 2e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of elevated O 3 and the countering effect of high CO 2 on compounds in leaf epicuticular wax and essential oils, i.e., n -icosane, geranyl acetate and elixene”
e1“seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis, and E. camaldulensis × E. deglupta”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone and carbon dioxide treatments affected leaf physiology.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis, and E. camaldulensis × E. degluptaEucalyptus camaldulensisEucalyptus globulusEucalyptus grandise1
- Treatment
- Elevated O 3 and CO 2 , singly or in combinatione0
- Outcome
- leaf physiologye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated O 3 and CO 2 , singly or in combination, affected only leaf physiology but not biomass of various organs”
e1“seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis, and E. camaldulensis × E. deglupta”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone and carbon dioxide treatments did not affect organ biomass.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis, and E. camaldulensis × E. degluptaEucalyptus camaldulensisEucalyptus globulusEucalyptus grandise1
- Treatment
- Elevated O 3 and CO 2 , singly or in combinatione0
- Outcome
- biomass of various organse0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated O 3 and CO 2 , singly or in combination, affected only leaf physiology but not biomass of various organs”
e1“seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis, and E. camaldulensis × E. deglupta”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide affected stomatal conductance, leaf mass per area, and carbon.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis, and E. camaldulensis × E. degluptaEucalyptus camaldulensisEucalyptus globulusEucalyptus grandise1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance, leaf mass per area, carbone0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 impacted several leaf traits, including stomatal conductance, leaf mass per area, carbon, lignin, n -icosane, geranyl acetate and elixene”
e1“seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis, and E. camaldulensis × E. deglupta”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide affected leaf lignin and the listed defense chemicals.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis, and E. camaldulensis × E. degluptaEucalyptus camaldulensisEucalyptus globulusEucalyptus grandise1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- lignin, n -icosane, geranyl acetate and elixenee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 impacted several leaf traits, including stomatal conductance, leaf mass per area, carbon, lignin, n -icosane, geranyl acetate and elixene”
e1“seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis, and E. camaldulensis × E. deglupta”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide offset the limited ozone effects on leaf nitrogen and defense chemicals.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis, and E. camaldulensis × E. degluptaEucalyptus camaldulensisEucalyptus globulusEucalyptus grandise1
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- leaf physiology (nitrogen, n -icosane, geranyl acetate, elixene)e0
- Direction
- offsete0
- Comparator
- elevated O 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Limited effects of elevated O 3 on leaf physiology (nitrogen, n -icosane, geranyl acetate, elixene) were commonly offset by elevated CO 2”
e1“seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis, and E. camaldulensis × E. deglupta”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret Eucalyptus globulus as tolerant of the tested ozone and carbon dioxide treatments.
- Taxon
- E. globulusEucalyptus globuluse0
- Outcome
- tolerant to these O 3 and CO 2 treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. globulus , E. grandis and the hybrid were tolerant to these O 3 and CO 2 treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret Eucalyptus grandis as tolerant of the tested ozone and carbon dioxide treatments.
- Taxon
- E. grandisEucalyptus grandise0
- Outcome
- tolerant to these O 3 and CO 2 treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. globulus , E. grandis and the hybrid were tolerant to these O 3 and CO 2 treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the hybrid as tolerant of the tested ozone and carbon dioxide treatments.
Verbatim
e0“E. globulus , E. grandis and the hybrid were tolerant to these O 3 and CO 2 treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose n-icosane as a tolerance factor in E. grandis and the hybrid.
- Taxon
- E. grandis and the hybridEucalyptus grandise0
- Compound
- n -Icosanee0
- Outcome
- tolerance mechanismse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“n -Icosane may be involved in tolerance mechanisms of E. grandis and the hybrid”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose geranyl acetate and elixene as tolerance factors in E. globulus.
- Taxon
- E. globulusEucalyptus globuluse0
- Compound
- geranyl acetate and elixenee0
- Outcome
- tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“geranyl acetate and elixene in the tolerance of E. globulus”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · growth · Eucalyptus grandis (rose gum)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
co2 · growth · Eucalyptus globulus (blue gum)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.