Abstract
Cell cultures derived from strawberry fruit at different developmental stages have been obtained to evaluate their potential use to study different aspects of strawberry ripening. Callus from leaf and cortical tissue of unripe-green, white, and mature-red strawberry fruits were induced in a medium supplemented with 11.3 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) under darkness. The transfer of the established callus from darkness to light induced the production of anthocyanin. The replacement of 2,4-D by abscisic acid (ABA) noticeably increased anthocyanin accumulation in green-fruit callus. Cell walls were isolated from the different fruit cell lines and from fruit receptacles at equivalent developmental stages and sequentially fractionated to obtain fractions enriched in soluble pectins, ester bound pectins, xyloglucans (XG), and matrix glycans tightly associated with cellulose microfibrils. These fractions were analyzed by cell wall carbohydrate microarrays. In fruit receptacle samples, pectins were abundant in all fractions, including those enriched in matrix glycans. The amount of pectin increased from green to white stage, and later these carbohydrates were solubilized in red fruit. Apparently, XG content was similar in white and red fruit, but the proportion of galactosylated XG increased in red fruit. Cell wall fractions from callus cultures were enriched in extensin and displayed a minor amount of pectins. Stronger signals of extensin Abs were detected in sodium carbonate fraction, suggesting that these proteins could be linked to pectins. Overall, the results obtained suggest that fruit cell lines could be used to analyze hormonal regulation of color development in strawberry but that the cell wall remodeling process associated with fruit softening might be masked by the high presence of extensin in callus cultures.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Moving callus from darkness to light induced anthocyanin production.
- Taxon
- Strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- transfer of the established callus from darkness to lighte0
- Outcome
- production of anthocyanine0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Comparator
- darknesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The transfer of the established callus from darkness to light induced the production of anthocyanin.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing 2,4-D with ABA increased anthocyanin in green fruit callus.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- green-fruit calluse0
- Treatment
- abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 2,4-De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The replacement of 2,4-D by abscisic acid (ABA) noticeably increased anthocyanin accumulation in green-fruit callus.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Pectins were abundant across fruit receptacle cell-wall fractions.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- fruit receptaclee0
- Outcome
- pectins were abundant in all fractionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In fruit receptacle samples, pectins were abundant in all fractions, including those enriched in matrix glycans.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Pectin amount increased from green to white fruit stage.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- green to white stagee0
- Outcome
- amount of pectine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of pectin increased from green to white stage, and later these carbohydrates were solubilized in red fruit.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Pectins were later solubilized in red fruit.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- red fruite0
- Outcome
- these carbohydrates were solubilized in red fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of pectin increased from green to white stage, and later these carbohydrates were solubilized in red fruit.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
XG content appeared similar in white and red fruit.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- white and red fruite0
- Outcome
- XG contente0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apparently, XG content was similar in white and red fruit, but the proportion of galactosylated XG increased in red fruit.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportion of galactosylated XG increased in red fruit.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- red fruite0
- Outcome
- proportion of galactosylated XGe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the proportion of galactosylated XG increased in red fruit.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Callus cell-wall fractions were enriched in extensin.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- callus culturese0
- Outcome
- enriched in extensine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cell wall fractions from callus cultures were enriched in extensin and displayed a minor amount of pectins.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Callus cell-wall fractions had a minor amount of pectins.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- callus culturese0
- Outcome
- a minor amount of pectinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cell wall fractions from callus cultures were enriched in extensin and displayed a minor amount of pectins.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Extensin antibody signal was stronger in the sodium carbonate fraction.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- sodium carbonate fractione0
- Outcome
- signals of extensin Abse0
- Direction
- Strongere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stronger signals of extensin Abs were detected in sodium carbonate fraction, suggesting that these proteins could be linked to pectins.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest extensins could be linked to pectins.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- these proteins could be linked to pectinse0
- Qualifier
- suggestinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting that these proteins could be linked to pectins.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit cell lines could support analysis of hormonal regulation of color development.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- analyze hormonal regulation of color developmente0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit cell lines could be used to analyze hormonal regulation of color development in strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Callus cell-wall remodeling may be obscured by high extensin presence.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- cell wall remodeling process associated with fruit softening might be maskede0
- Qualifier
- high presence of extensin in callus culturese0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cell wall remodeling process associated with fruit softening might be masked by the high presence of extensin in callus cultures.”
t0“Strawberry”
The same questions in other papers
(+)-abscisic acid · quality: phytochemicals · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
light · quality: phytochemicals · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results differ
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.