Abstract
Two micronutrients, i.e. manganese and zinc sulphate(s), used as seed treatment along with compost used as soil amendment were evaluated for their control efficiency against Fusarium wilt disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris. In vitro evaluation revealed that out of 21 isolates of bacteria recovered from compost extract, five isolates, belonged to genus Bacillus reduced linear growth of F. oxysporum on PDA medium. Enrichment the medium with zinc or manganese sulphate(s) increased antagonistic activity of the tested bacteria. Application of micronutrients, alone or mixed with compost, as soil amendment, effectively reduced wilt disease incidence under greenhouse and field conditions in two growing seasons (2010/11 and 2011/12). Mixed applications recorded the highest disease decrements which dramatically associated with a rapid accumulation of salicylic acid content in roots compared to untreated-unamended control. Higher salicylic acid content caused lower disease incidence. Also, microbial activity in the rhizosphere of chickpea plants, as shown by greater dehydrogenase activity, markedly increased as a result of application of micronutrients, alone or mixed with compost. The statistical analysis revealed a negative correlation between disease incidence and microbial activity. Furthermore, application of micronutrients and compost increased crop parameters, nodulation of chickpea plants as well as seed protein content compared to untreated-unamendedcontrol.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Five Bacillus isolates from compost reduced F. oxysporum growth in vitro.
- Taxon
- Chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- five isolates, belonged to genus Bacilluse0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Second interactor
- Bacilluse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- linear growth of F. oxysporume0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea Fusarium Wilt”
e0“five isolates, belonged to genus Bacillus reduced linear growth of F. oxysporum on PDA medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulphate increased bacterial antagonistic activity.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- zince0
- Outcome
- antagonistic activity of the tested bacteriae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea Fusarium Wilt”
e0“Enrichment the medium with zinc or manganese sulphate(s) increased antagonistic activity of the tested bacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
Manganese sulphate increased bacterial antagonistic activity.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- manganese sulphate(s)e0
- Outcome
- antagonistic activity of the tested bacteriae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea Fusarium Wilt”
e0“Enrichment the medium with zinc or manganese sulphate(s) increased antagonistic activity of the tested bacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrients alone reduced chickpea wilt incidence in greenhouse and field conditions.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- micronutrients, alonee0
- Outcome
- wilt disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- greenhouse and field conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea Fusarium Wilt”
e0“Application of micronutrients, alone or mixed with compost, as soil amendment, effectively reduced wilt disease incidence under greenhouse and field conditions in two growing seasons (2010/11 and 2011/12)”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrients mixed with compost reduced chickpea wilt incidence and gave the highest disease decrement.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- micronutrients, alone or mixed with composte0
- Outcome
- wilt disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- greenhouse and field conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea Fusarium Wilt”
e0“Application of micronutrients, alone or mixed with compost, as soil amendment, effectively reduced wilt disease incidence under greenhouse and field conditions”
e1“Mixed applications recorded the highest disease decrements”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed applications were associated with rapid salicylic acid accumulation in chickpea roots.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Mixed applicationse0
- Outcome
- salicylic acid content in rootse0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
- Comparator
- untreated-unamended controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea Fusarium Wilt”
e0“Mixed applications recorded the highest disease decrements which dramatically associated with a rapid accumulation of salicylic acid content in roots compared to untreated-unamended control”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher salicylic acid content was associated with lower disease incidence.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Compound
- salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea Fusarium Wilt”
e0“Higher salicylic acid content caused lower disease incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrients alone increased rhizosphere dehydrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Organ / stage
- rhizospheree0
- Treatment
- micronutrients, alonee0
- Outcome
- dehydrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea Fusarium Wilt”
e0“microbial activity in the rhizosphere of chickpea plants, as shown by greater dehydrogenase activity, markedly increased as a result of application of micronutrients, alone or mixed with compost”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrients with compost increased rhizosphere dehydrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Organ / stage
- rhizospheree0
- Treatment
- micronutrients, alone or mixed with composte0
- Outcome
- dehydrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea Fusarium Wilt”
e0“microbial activity in the rhizosphere of chickpea plants, as shown by greater dehydrogenase activity, markedly increased as a result of application of micronutrients, alone or mixed with compost”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence correlated negatively with microbial activity.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- negativee0
- Comparator
- microbial activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea Fusarium Wilt”
e0“a negative correlation between disease incidence and microbial activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrient and compost application increased crop parameters and chickpea nodulation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- micronutrients and composte0
- Outcome
- crop parameters, nodulation of chickpea plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated-unamendedcontrole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea Fusarium Wilt”
e0“application of micronutrients and compost increased crop parameters, nodulation of chickpea plants as well as seed protein content compared to untreated-unamendedcontrol”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrients and compost increased chickpea seed protein content.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- micronutrients and composte0
- Outcome
- seed protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated-unamendedcontrole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea Fusarium Wilt”
e0“application of micronutrients and compost increased crop parameters, nodulation of chickpea plants as well as seed protein content compared to untreated-unamendedcontrol”
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