Abstract
<ns2:p>A pot experiment was set-up to assess the modulations in growth, oxidative defense, osmotic adjustment, secondary metabolism, and ion homeostasis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) sown in corncob biochar amended (0, 1, 2 and 3%) soil under salinity stress. Sunflower cultivars (FH-687 and FH-697) were subjected to NaCl salinity (0 and 15 dS m-1) three weeks after germination. Salinity resulted in significant decrease in growth, photosynthetic pigments, RWC, K+, P contents and increase in Na+, Ca2+, MDA, RMP, H2O2, TFAA, TSP, TSS, GB, and proline. Biochar (3%) enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and concentration of non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds (flavonoids, phenolics, and ascorbic acid). Biochar increased the cellular concentrations of glycine betaine and free proline that resulted in better osmotic adjustment under saline conditions. Biochar-induced upregulation of oxidative defense and decrease in specific ion toxicity was variable in two cultivars. Cultivar FH-687 exhibited better salinity tolerance compared with FH-697 in the form of greater oxidative defense and osmotic adjustment alongside the lower specific ion toxicity.</ns2:p>
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly decreased growth, photosynthetic pigments, RWC, K+ and P.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- Salinitye1
- Outcome
- growth, photosynthetic pigments, RWC, K+, P contentse1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“Salinity resulted in significant decrease in growth, photosynthetic pigments, RWC, K+, P contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased Na+, Ca2+, MDA, RMP, H2O2, TFAA, TSP, TSS, GB and proline.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- Na+, Ca2+, MDA, RMP, H2O2, TFAA, TSP, TSS, GB, and prolinee1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“increase in Na+, Ca2+, MDA, RMP, H2O2, TFAA, TSP, TSS, GB, and proline”
Claim · model-written summary
Three percent biochar enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Biochar (3%)e1
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“Biochar (3%) enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Three percent biochar enhanced flavonoid, phenolic and ascorbic acid concentrations.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Biochar (3%)e1
- Outcome
- concentration of non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds (flavonoids, phenolics, and ascorbic acid)e1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“Biochar (3%) enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and concentration of non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds (flavonoids, phenolics, and ascorbic acid)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar raised glycine betaine and free proline concentrations under salinity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Biochare1
- Outcome
- cellular concentrations of glycine betaine and free prolinee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- under saline conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“Biochar increased the cellular concentrations of glycine betaine and free proline that resulted in better osmotic adjustment under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar improved osmotic adjustment under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Compound
- glycine betaine and free prolinee1
- Outcome
- better osmotic adjustmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“glycine betaine and free proline that resulted in better osmotic adjustment under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar related oxidative defense and ion toxicity responses varied between cultivars.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Biochare1
- Outcome
- upregulation of oxidative defense and decrease in specific ion toxicity was variable in two cultivarse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“Biochar-induced upregulation of oxidative defense and decrease in specific ion toxicity was variable in two cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
FH-687 had better salinity tolerance than FH-697, with greater defense and osmotic adjustment and lower ion toxicity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- FH-687e1
- Outcome
- salinity tolerancee1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Comparator
- FH-697e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“Cultivar FH-687 exhibited better salinity tolerance compared with FH-697 in the form of greater oxidative defense and osmotic adjustment alongside the lower specific ion toxicity”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · physiology: photosynthesis · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →biochar · physiology: osmolytes · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
biochar · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.