Abstract
Filamentous fungal pathogens secrete effectors that modulate host immunity and facilitate infection. Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen responsible for various devastating diseases. However, little is known about the function of effector proteins secreted by F. graminearum. Herein, we identified several effector candidates in the F. graminearum secretome. Among them, the secreted ribonuclease Fg12 was highly upregulated during the early stages of F. graminearum infection in soybean; its deletion compromised the virulence of F. graminearum. Transient expression of Fg12 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced cell death in a light-dependent manner. Fg12 possessed ribonuclease (RNase) activity, degrading total RNA. The enzymatic activity of Fg12 was required for its cell death-promoting effects. Importantly, the ability of Fg12 to induce cell death was independent of BAK1/SOBIR1, and treatment of soybean with recombinant Fg12 protein induced resistance to various pathogens, including F. graminearum and Phytophthora sojae. Overall, our results provide evidence that RNase effectors not only contribute to pathogen virulence but also induce plant cell death.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Several effector candidates were identified in the fungal secretome.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- several effector candidatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“we identified several effector candidates in the F. graminearum secretome.”
e1“F. graminearum infection in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Fg12 expression rose strongly during early soybean infection.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- early stagese0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Gene
- Fg12e0
- Outcome
- highly upregulatede0
- Direction
- highly upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the secreted ribonuclease Fg12 was highly upregulated during the early stages of F. graminearum infection in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Deleting Fg12 compromised F. graminearum virulence in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- its deletione0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Gene
- Fg12e0
- Outcome
- virulence of F. graminearume0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the secreted ribonuclease Fg12 was highly upregulated during the early stages of F. graminearum infection in soybean; its deletion compromised the virulence of F. graminearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient Fg12 expression caused light-dependent cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- Transient expression of Fg12e0
- Gene
- Fg12e0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Qualifier
- light-dependent mannere0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of Fg12 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced cell death in a light-dependent manner.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fg12 had RNase activity that degraded total RNA.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Gene
- Fg12e0
- Outcome
- ribonuclease (RNase) activity, degrading total RNA.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fg12 possessed ribonuclease (RNase) activity, degrading total RNA.”
e1“Transient expression of Fg12 in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Fg12 enzymatic activity was required for its cell death effect.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Gene
- Fg12e0
- Outcome
- cell death-promoting effectse0
- Qualifier
- enzymatic activity of Fg12e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The enzymatic activity of Fg12 was required for its cell death-promoting effects.”
e1“Transient expression of Fg12 in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Fg12-induced cell death was independent of BAK1/SOBIR1.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Gene
- BAK1/SOBIR1e0
- Outcome
- induce cell deathe0
- Qualifier
- independent of BAK1/SOBIR1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ability of Fg12 to induce cell death was independent of BAK1/SOBIR1”
e1“Transient expression of Fg12 in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Recombinant Fg12 treatment induced soybean resistance to F. graminearum.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- recombinant Fg12 proteine0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance to various pathogense0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment of soybean with recombinant Fg12 protein induced resistance to various pathogens, including F. graminearum and Phytophthora sojae”
Claim · model-written summary
Recombinant Fg12 treatment induced soybean resistance to Phytophthora sojae.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- recombinant Fg12 proteine0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora sojaePhytophthora sojaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance to various pathogense0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment of soybean with recombinant Fg12 protein induced resistance to various pathogens, including F. graminearum and Phytophthora sojae”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · cytology · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 42 papers →loss of function · Fusarium graminearum · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.