Abstract
The summertime flowers of the ever-flowering Meiwa kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia Swingle) are the most useful for fruit production in Japan; however, summertime flowers bloom in three or four successive waves at approximately 10 day intervals, resulting in fruit of different maturity occurring on the same tree. Soil water deficit (SWD) treatment has been shown to reduce the flowering frequency and improve harvest efficiency; therefore, in this study, the effects of SWD treatment on the accumulation of soluble sugars in each tree organ above-ground were examined and it was discussed how SWD affects the whole-tree water relations and sugar accumulation by osmoregulation. The number of first-flush summertime flowers was higher in SWD-treated trees than non-treated control (CONT) trees (177.0 and 58.0 flowers, respectively), whereas the second- and third-flush flowers were only observed in CONT trees. The soluble sugar content was higher in SWD treated trees than CONT trees for all organs and tended to be higher in current-year organs than previous-year organs; however, when the sugar content of the current-year spring stems exceeded approximately 100 mg g−1 dry weight, the current-year leaf water potential decreased sharply and the rate of increase in the number of first-flush flowers also tended to decrease. SWD treatment significantly increased the total sugar content of the xylem tissue of the scaffold branches to three times the value in CONT trees (p = 0.001); however, the increase was observed even in sucrose, a disaccharide, similar to that in monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose. These results suggest that the increased sugar levels in the xylem tissue resulted from not only osmoregulation but also other factors as well; therefore, these sugars may affect whole-tree water relations as well as the development of flower buds.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water deficit increased first-flush flowers from 58.0 to 177.0.
- Taxon
- Meiwa Kumquat
Citrus japonicae0t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of first-flush summertime flowers was higher in SWD-treated trees than non-treated control (CONT) trees (177.0 and 58.0 flowers, respectively)”
t0“Meiwa Kumquat Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Second- and third-flush flowers occurred only in controls.
- Taxon
- Meiwa KumquatCitrus japonicae0e1t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas the second- and third-flush flowers were only observed in CONT trees”
e1“SWD-treated trees”
t0“Meiwa Kumquat Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water deficit increased soluble sugar content across above-ground organs.
- Taxon
- Meiwa KumquatCitrus japonicae0t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soluble sugar content was higher in SWD treated trees than CONT trees for all organs”
t0“Meiwa Kumquat Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar content tended to be higher in current-year than previous-year organs.
- Taxon
- Meiwa KumquatCitrus japonicae0e1t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tended to be higher in current-year organs than previous-year organs”
e1“The soluble sugar content”
t0“Meiwa Kumquat Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Above approximately 100 mg g−1 dry weight of spring-stem sugar, leaf water potential decreased sharply.
- Taxon
- Meiwa KumquatCitrus japonicae0t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when the sugar content of the current-year spring stems exceeded approximately 100 mg g−1 dry weight, the current-year leaf water potential decreased sharply”
t0“Meiwa Kumquat Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Above that spring-stem sugar threshold, first-flush flower accumulation tended to slow.
- Taxon
- Meiwa KumquatCitrus japonicae0t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when the sugar content of the current-year spring stems exceeded approximately 100 mg g−1 dry weight, the current-year leaf water potential decreased sharply and the rate of increase in the number of first-flush flowers also tended to decrease”
t0“Meiwa Kumquat Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water deficit tripled scaffold-branch xylem total sugar content.
- Taxon
- Meiwa KumquatCitrus japonicae0t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SWD treatment significantly increased the total sugar content of the xylem tissue of the scaffold branches to three times the value in CONT trees (p = 0.001)”
t0“Meiwa Kumquat Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose, glucose and fructose also increased in scaffold-branch xylem under soil water deficit.
- Taxon
- Meiwa KumquatCitrus japonicae0e1t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase was observed even in sucrose, a disaccharide, similar to that in monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose”
e1“SWD treatment significantly increased the total sugar content of the xylem tissue of the scaffold branches to three times the value in CONT trees (p = 0.001)”
t0“Meiwa Kumquat Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer that processes beyond osmoregulation contribute to increased xylem sugars.
- Taxon
- Meiwa KumquatCitrus japonicae0t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results suggest that the increased sugar levels in the xylem tissue resulted from not only osmoregulation but also other factors as well”
t0“Meiwa Kumquat Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest xylem sugars may affect whole-tree water relations and flower-bud development.
- Taxon
- Meiwa KumquatCitrus japonicae0t0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these sugars may affect whole-tree water relations as well as the development of flower buds”
t0“Meiwa Kumquat Trees”
The same questions in other papers
drought · phenology · Citrus japonica (meiwa kumquat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.