Paper · 2020 · Sustainability

The Role of Agrotechnical Factors in Shaping the Protein Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Piotr Szulc; Katarzyna Ambroży-Deręgowska; Iwona Mejza; et al.

15
claims
31
verbatim quotes
9
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors. The test results are derived from two different field experiments covering a total of seven years of observation. Protein yield was significantly dependent on changing weather conditions in the growing seasons. Protein yield was significantly lower in the dry and hot years. The sum of precipitation for the month of May was positively correlated with maize protein yield. However, there was no correlation between the average air temperature and the amount of protein yield. The sum of atmospheric precipitation for the entire growing season (IV–X) shaped maize protein yield in over 96%. A non-linear relationship of the 2nd degree was determined between these traits. Sowing maize into the soil cultivated traditionally (autumn tillage), “stay-green” type cultivars and row fertilization positively influenced maize protein yield. Initial fertilization (regardless of depth) with two-component NP fertilizer, in relation to broadcast fertilization, significantly increased maize protein yield from 11.4% to 18%, respectively. The type of nitrogen fertilizer did not differentiate the value of this trait. Pre-sowing nitrogen application was more effective compared to the top dressing, and significantly increased protein yield. Row fertilization with two-component NP fertilizer clearly affected the content protein in grain. The interdependence of genetic and agronomic progress is an important factor shaping the potential of maize protein yield and cannot be attributed to either breeding (cultivar) or agronomy.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 15

Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Maize protein yield depended significantly on weather conditions in the growing seasons.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
changing weather conditionse1
Outcome
Protein yielde1

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–110 · show in text ↑
e1

“Protein yield was significantly dependent on changing weather conditions in the growing seasons”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 226–321 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Maize protein yield was significantly lower in dry and hot years.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
dry and hot yearse2
Outcome
Protein yielde2
Direction
lowere2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–110 · show in text ↑
e2

“Protein yield was significantly lower in the dry and hot years”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 323–385 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Precipitation in May was positively correlated with maize protein yield.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
sum of precipitation for the month of Maye3
Outcome
maize protein yielde3
Direction
positively correlatede3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–110 · show in text ↑
e3

“The sum of precipitation for the month of May was positively correlated with maize protein yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 387–483 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

There was no correlation between average air temperature and maize protein yield.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
average air temperaturee4
Outcome
amount of protein yielde4
Direction
no correlatione4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–110 · show in text ↑
e4

“there was no correlation between the average air temperature and the amount of protein yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 494–586 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Precipitation over the entire growing season shaped maize protein yield in over 96%.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
sum of atmospheric precipitation for the entire growing season (IV–X)e5
Outcome
maize protein yielde5
Value
over 96%e5

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–110 · show in text ↑
e5

“The sum of atmospheric precipitation for the entire growing season (IV–X) shaped maize protein yield in over 96%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 588–700 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The relationship between growing-season precipitation and maize protein yield was non-linear, of the 2nd degree.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
sum of atmospheric precipitation for the entire growing season (IV–X)e5
Outcome
maize protein yielde5
Qualifier
non-linear relationship of the 2nd degreee6

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–110 · show in text ↑
e5

“The sum of atmospheric precipitation for the entire growing season (IV–X) shaped maize protein yield in over 96%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 588–700 · show in text ↑
e6

“A non-linear relationship of the 2nd degree was determined between these traits”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 702–781 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sowing into traditionally cultivated soil (autumn tillage) positively influenced maize protein yield.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
Sowing maize into the soil cultivated traditionally (autumn tillage)e7
Outcome
maize protein yielde7
Direction
positively influencede7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–110 · show in text ↑
e7

“Sowing maize into the soil cultivated traditionally (autumn tillage), “stay-green” type cultivars and row fertilization positively influenced maize protein yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 783–944 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stay-green cultivars positively influenced maize protein yield.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
stay-greene7
Outcome
maize protein yielde7
Direction
positively influencede7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–110 · show in text ↑
e7

“Sowing maize into the soil cultivated traditionally (autumn tillage), “stay-green” type cultivars and row fertilization positively influenced maize protein yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 783–944 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Row fertilization positively influenced maize protein yield.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
row fertilizatione7
Outcome
maize protein yielde7
Direction
positively influencede7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–110 · show in text ↑
e7

“Sowing maize into the soil cultivated traditionally (autumn tillage), “stay-green” type cultivars and row fertilization positively influenced maize protein yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 783–944 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Initial two-component NP fertilization significantly increased maize protein yield from 11.4% to 18% relative to broadcast fertilization.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
Initial fertilization (regardless of depth) with two-component NP fertilizere1
Outcome
maize protein yielde1
Direction
significantly increasede1
Value
from 11.4% to 18%e1
Comparator
broadcast fertilizatione1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–110 · show in text ↑
e1

“Initial fertilization (regardless of depth) with two-component NP fertilizer, in relation to broadcast fertilization, significantly increased maize protein yield from 11.4% to 18%, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 946–1139 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The type of nitrogen fertilizer did not differentiate protein yield.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
type of nitrogen fertilizere1
Outcome
value of this traite1
Direction
did not differentiatee1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–110 · show in text ↑
e1

“The type of nitrogen fertilizer did not differentiate the value of this trait”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1141–1218 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pre-sowing nitrogen application was more effective than top dressing for maize protein yield.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
Pre-sowing nitrogen applicatione1
Outcome
more effectivee1
Direction
more effectivee1
Comparator
top dressinge1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–110 · show in text ↑
e1

“Pre-sowing nitrogen application was more effective compared to the top dressing, and significantly increased protein yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1220–1342 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Pre-sowing nitrogen application significantly increased maize protein yield compared with top dressing.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
Pre-sowing nitrogen applicatione1
Outcome
protein yielde1
Direction
significantly increasede1
Comparator
top dressinge1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–110 · show in text ↑
e1

“Pre-sowing nitrogen application was more effective compared to the top dressing, and significantly increased protein yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1220–1342 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Row fertilization with two-component NP fertilizer clearly affected grain protein content.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
Row fertilization with two-component NP fertilizere1
Outcome
content protein in graine1

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–110 · show in text ↑
e1

“Row fertilization with two-component NP fertilizer clearly affected the content protein in grain”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1344–1440 · show in text ↑
Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Genetic and agronomic progress are interdependent in shaping maize protein yield potential and cannot be attributed to breeding or agronomy alone.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
interdependence of genetic and agronomic progresse1
Outcome
potential of maize protein yielde1

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–110 · show in text ↑
e1

“The interdependence of genetic and agronomic progress is an important factor shaping the potential of maize protein yield and cannot be attributed to either breeding (cultivar) or agronomy”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1442–1630 · show in text ↑

tillage · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

30 papers: 22 positive, 8 negative or no effect

21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

26 papers more in this group

See all 30 papers →

nitrogen · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

181 papers: 164 positive, 17 negative or no effect

163 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

177 papers more in this group

See all 181 papers →

fertilization · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

262 papers: 236 positive, 26 negative or no effect

235 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

258 papers more in this group

See all 262 papers →

nanoparticle · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Results agree

13 papers: 13 positive, 0 negative or no effect

12 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

9 papers more in this group

See all 13 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.