Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to determine the influence of photosynthetic bacteria and biochar on growth, yield and biochemical parameters of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in the Department of Horticulture, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHUATS, Allahabad (U.P) during the year 2017-2018. Ten treatments were included in the trial were viz; T0 Control, T1 (PSB 50L/ha + Biochar 20t/ha), T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha), T3 (PSB 150L/ha + Biochar 50t/ha), T4 (PSB 50L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha), T5 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 50t/ha), T6 (PSB 150L/ha + Biochar 20t/ha), T7 (PSB 50L/ha +Biochar 50t/ha), T8 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 20t/ha), T9 (PSB 150L/ha+ Biochar 30t/ha) and were tested in three replications. The experiment was laid out in simple R.B.D. Studies showed that, significant effect on the height of plant 90 DAT (65.83 cm), number of leaves 90 DAT (32.47), days to first visible curd (71.07 days), leaf area 90 DAT (588.09 cm2), leaf width 90DAT (20.42 cm), fresh weight of plant (995.75 g), fresh root weight of plant (105.5 g), dry weight of plant (193.6 g), dry root weight (39.47 g), head yield per plot (4.49 kg), bud or head weight (499.37 g), bud or head diameter (16.55 cm), head yield per hectare (14.98 t/ha), chlorophyll ‘a’ (1.74 mg/g/Fr.wt.), chlorophyll ‘b’ (1.59 mg/g/Fr.wt.), total chlorophyll (3.59 mg/g/Fr.wt.), total carotenoid (1.12 mg/g/Fr.wt.), leaf proline content (0.011 mg/g/Fr.wt.), vitamin C (mg/100g broccoli fresh head) (91.55 mg), gross return (Rs 374,500/ha), net return (Rs.260,050/ha), Benefit Cost ratio (3.27:1) was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha).
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
height of plant 90 DAT was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (65.83 cm).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- height of plant 90 DATe1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 65.83 cme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“the height of plant 90 DAT (65.83 cm)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
number of leaves 90 DAT was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (32.47).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- number of leaves 90 DATe1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 32.47e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“number of leaves 90 DAT (32.47)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
days to first visible curd was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (71.07 days).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- days to first visible curde1
- Value
- 71.07 dayse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“days to first visible curd (71.07 days)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
leaf area 90 DAT was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (588.09 cm2).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- leaf area 90 DATe1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 588.09 cm2e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“leaf area 90 DAT (588.09 cm2)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
leaf width 90DAT was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (20.42 cm).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- leaf width 90DATe1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 20.42 cme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“leaf width 90DAT (20.42 cm)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
fresh weight of plant was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (995.75 g).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- fresh weight of plante1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 995.75 ge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“fresh weight of plant (995.75 g)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
fresh root weight of plant was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (105.5 g).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- fresh root weight of plante1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 105.5 ge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“fresh root weight of plant (105.5 g)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
dry weight of plant was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (193.6 g).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- dry weight of plante1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 193.6 ge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“dry weight of plant (193.6 g)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
dry root weight was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (39.47 g).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- dry root weighte1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 39.47 ge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“dry root weight (39.47 g)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
head yield per plot was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (4.49 kg).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- head yield per plote1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 4.49 kge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“head yield per plot (4.49 kg)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
bud or head weight was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (499.37 g).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- bud or head weighte1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 499.37 ge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“bud or head weight (499.37 g)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
bud or head diameter was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (16.55 cm).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- bud or head diametere1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 16.55 cme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“bud or head diameter (16.55 cm)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
head yield per hectare was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (14.98 t/ha).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- head yield per hectaree1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 14.98 t/hae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“head yield per hectare (14.98 t/ha)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
total chlorophyll was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (3.59 mg/g/Fr.wt.).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 3.59 mg/g/Fr.wt.e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“total chlorophyll (3.59 mg/g/Fr.wt.)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
total carotenoid was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (1.12 mg/g/Fr.wt.).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- total carotenoide1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 1.12 mg/g/Fr.wt.e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“total carotenoid (1.12 mg/g/Fr.wt.)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
leaf proline content was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (0.011 mg/g/Fr.wt.).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- leaf proline contente1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 0.011 mg/g/Fr.wt.e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“leaf proline content (0.011 mg/g/Fr.wt.)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
vitamin C was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (91.55 mg).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 91.55 mge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“vitamin C (mg/100g broccoli fresh head) (91.55 mg)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
net return was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (Rs.260,050/ha).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- net returne1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- Rs.260,050/hae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“net return (Rs.260,050/ha)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit Cost ratio was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (3.27:1).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- Benefit Cost ratioe1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 3.27:1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“Benefit Cost ratio (3.27:1)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
gross return was maximum under PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha (Rs 374,500/ha).
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)Brassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/hae2
- Outcome
- gross returne1
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- Rs 374,500/hae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
e1“gross return (Rs 374,500/ha)”
e2“was observed maximum in treatment T2 (PSB 100L/ha + Biochar 30t/ha)”
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