Abstract
Applications of enriched compost (ECM) with reduced doses of inorganic fertilizers over ten consecutive years reduced phytotoxic aluminium (Al) fractions, whereas, improved nutritional quality of rice in acid soil. The long-term field trial with integrated nutrient management (INM) practices was initiated in kharif–2006 at Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) farm under rice mono-cropping system. Treatments consisted of T1; absolute control, T2; 100% recommended doses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), T3; 50% recommended doses of NP + 100% K + biofertilizer, T4; 50% recommended doses of NP + 100% K + ECM at 1 tonne ha−1 and T5; 25% recommended doses of NP + 100% K + ECM at 2 tonne ha−1. Exchangeable Al (~31%) and strongly organically bound and interlayer Al (~26%) fractions decreased with an increasing dose of ECM application at all soil depths. However, weakly organically bound Al (~25%), amorphous Al (~7.3%), and free Al (~13%) significantly increased over 100% NPK. Long-term use of ECM had a significant positive impact on micronutrient content in post-harvest soil. Micronutrient accumulation (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and Ni) in rice increased with continuous application of manuring and fertilization, while the accumulation of Al decreased significantly.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Enriched compost with reduced inorganic fertilizers reduced phytotoxic aluminium fractions in acid soil.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- enriched compost (ECM) with reduced doses of inorganic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- phytotoxic aluminium (Al) fractionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- acid soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of enriched compost (ECM) with reduced doses of inorganic fertilizers over ten consecutive years reduced phytotoxic aluminium (Al) fractions, whereas, improved nutritional quality of rice in acid soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Enriched compost with reduced inorganic fertilizers improved rice nutritional quality in acid soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- enriched compost (ECM) with reduced doses of inorganic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- nutritional quality of ricee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Setting
- acid soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of enriched compost (ECM) with reduced doses of inorganic fertilizers over ten consecutive years reduced phytotoxic aluminium (Al) fractions, whereas, improved nutritional quality of rice in acid soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing ECM dose decreased exchangeable Al by about 31% across soil depths.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing dose of ECM applicatione0
- Outcome
- Exchangeable Ale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- ~31%e0
- Qualifier
- at all soil depthse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exchangeable Al (~31%) and strongly organically bound and interlayer Al (~26%) fractions decreased with an increasing dose of ECM application at all soil depths.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing ECM dose decreased strongly organically bound and interlayer Al by about 26% across soil depths.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing dose of ECM applicatione0
- Outcome
- strongly organically bound and interlayer Ale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- ~26%e0
- Qualifier
- at all soil depthse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exchangeable Al (~31%) and strongly organically bound and interlayer Al (~26%) fractions decreased with an increasing dose of ECM application at all soil depths.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Weakly organically bound Al increased by about 25% over 100% NPK.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ECMt1
- Outcome
- weakly organically bound Ale0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- ~25%e0
- Comparator
- 100% NPKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, weakly organically bound Al (~25%), amorphous Al (~7.3%), and free Al (~13%) significantly increased over 100% NPK.”
t0“rice”
t1“enriched compost (ECM) with reduced doses of inorganic fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Amorphous Al increased by about 7.3% over 100% NPK.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ECMt1
- Outcome
- amorphous Ale0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- ~7.3%e0
- Comparator
- 100% NPKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, weakly organically bound Al (~25%), amorphous Al (~7.3%), and free Al (~13%) significantly increased over 100% NPK.”
t0“rice”
t1“enriched compost (ECM) with reduced doses of inorganic fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Free Al increased by about 13% over 100% NPK.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ECMt1
- Outcome
- free Ale0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- ~13%e0
- Comparator
- 100% NPKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, weakly organically bound Al (~25%), amorphous Al (~7.3%), and free Al (~13%) significantly increased over 100% NPK.”
t0“rice”
t1“enriched compost (ECM) with reduced doses of inorganic fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term ECM use had a significant positive impact on post-harvest soil micronutrient content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Long-term use of ECMe0
- Outcome
- micronutrient content in post-harvest soile0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Long-term use of ECM had a significant positive impact on micronutrient content in post-harvest soil.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous manuring and fertilization increased accumulation of Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and Ni in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- continuous application of manuring and fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Micronutrient accumulation (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and Ni) in ricee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Micronutrient accumulation (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and Ni) in rice increased with continuous application of manuring and fertilization, while the accumulation of Al decreased significantly.”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous manuring and fertilization significantly decreased aluminium accumulation in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- continuous application of manuring and fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Ale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Micronutrient accumulation (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and Ni) in rice increased with continuous application of manuring and fertilization, while the accumulation of Al decreased significantly.”
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