Abstract
The present era is witnessing a serious water crisis affecting rice (Oryza sativa) productivity adversely. Therefore, with the objective of minimizing crop failure under limited water supply the effects of organic manures were compared with inorganic fertilizer for changes in soil physical characteristics, morpho-physiological traits and drought resistance of hybrid rice NDRH-2. Accordingly, one level each of green manure and compost (7.5 t ha−1) was applied supplemented with chemical fertilizers to bring them nutritionally at par with inorganic fertilizer treatment. Organic manures minimized the adverse effect of drought on plant height during a 10-day soil-drying cycle. Organically fertilized treatments enhanced plant sustenance by 4-7 days during drought compared with that fertilized inorganically. Sustenance enhancement was probably due to increased soil moisture-holding capacity [26% to 27.4% in organically fertilized soil (OFS) against 22.2% in inorganically fertilized soil (IFS)] because of decreased soil bulk density (1.20g mL−1 OFS against 1.42 IFS) and soil penetration resistance (500 to 560 kPa OFS against 800 kPa IFS). The organic manures significantly increased leaf water potential (−16 to −18.5 bars OFS against −25 bars IFS), relative water content (84 to 85% OFS against 78% IFS), cell viability (OD 0.290 to 0.352 OFS against 0.165 IFS), membrane stability (83 to 87% OFS against 75%IFS), chlorophyll (10.06 mg g−1 dry weight OFS against 9.42 IFS) and reduced leaf injury (score 3 to 4 OFS against 5 IFS) causedby drought. Hence, farmers living in drought-prone regions, are advised to practice organic farming using organic manures for a successful rice crop in event of scanty rainfall.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures reduced the adverse drought effect on rice height.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Material
- NDRH-2e1
- Treatment
- Organic manurese0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- minimizede0
- Qualifier
- 10-day soil-drying cyclee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic manures minimized the adverse effect of drought on plant height during a 10-day soil-drying cycle.”
e1“hybrid rice NDRH-2”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers prolonged rice sustenance by 4-7 days under drought relative to inorganic fertilizer.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Organically fertilized treatmentse0
- Outcome
- plant sustenancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 4-7 dayse0
- Comparator
- that fertilized inorganicallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organically fertilized treatments enhanced plant sustenance by 4-7 days during drought compared with that fertilized inorganically.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilization increased soil moisture holding capacity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- organically fertilized soile0
- Outcome
- soil moisture-holding capacitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26% to 27.4%e0
- Qualifier
- 22.2%e0
- Comparator
- inorganically fertilized soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased soil moisture-holding capacity [26% to 27.4% in organically fertilized soil (OFS) against 22.2% in inorganically fertilized soil (IFS)]”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilization decreased soil bulk density.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1.20g mL−1e0
- Qualifier
- 1.42 IFSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased soil bulk density (1.20g mL−1 OFS against 1.42 IFS)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilization decreased soil penetration resistance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- soil penetration resistancee0
- Value
- 500 to 560 kPae0
- Qualifier
- 800 kPa IFSe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil penetration resistance (500 to 560 kPa OFS against 800 kPa IFS)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures significantly increased rice leaf water potential.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- organic manurese0
- Outcome
- leaf water potentiale0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- −16 to −18.5 barse0
- Qualifier
- −25 barse0
- Comparator
- IFSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The organic manures significantly increased leaf water potential (−16 to −18.5 bars OFS against −25 bars IFS)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures increased rice relative water content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- organic manurese2
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Value
- 84 to 85%e0
- Qualifier
- 78%e0
- Comparator
- IFSe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative water content (84 to 85% OFS against 78% IFS)”
e1“hybrid rice NDRH-2”
e2“effects of organic manures were compared with inorganic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures increased rice cell viability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- organic manurese2
- Outcome
- cell viabilitye0
- Value
- OD 0.290 to 0.352e0
- Qualifier
- 0.165e0
- Comparator
- IFSe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cell viability (OD 0.290 to 0.352 OFS against 0.165 IFS)”
e1“hybrid rice NDRH-2”
e2“effects of organic manures were compared with inorganic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures increased rice membrane stability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- organic manurese2
- Outcome
- membrane stabilitye0
- Value
- 83 to 87%e0
- Qualifier
- 75%e0
- Comparator
- IFSe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“membrane stability (83 to 87% OFS against 75%IFS)”
e1“hybrid rice NDRH-2”
e2“effects of organic manures were compared with inorganic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures increased rice chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- organic manurese2
- Outcome
- chlorophylle0
- Value
- 10.06 mg g−1 dry weighte0
- Qualifier
- 9.42e0
- Comparator
- IFSe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll (10.06 mg g−1 dry weight OFS against 9.42 IFS)”
e1“hybrid rice NDRH-2”
e2“effects of organic manures were compared with inorganic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures reduced drought-related rice leaf injury.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- organic manurese2
- Outcome
- leaf injurye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- score 3 to 4e0
- Qualifier
- 5 IFSe0
- Comparator
- IFSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced leaf injury (score 3 to 4 OFS against 5 IFS) causedby drought”
e1“hybrid rice NDRH-2”
e2“effects of organic manures were compared with inorganic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise organic manures for rice in drought-prone regions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- practice organic farming using organic manurese0
- Setting
- drought-prone regionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“farmers living in drought-prone regions, are advised to practice organic farming using organic manures for a successful rice crop in event of scanty rainfall.”
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