Abstract
In recent years, the alternating occurrence of high temperature and waterlogging disasters in South China has seriously reduced the yield of single cropping rice. Studying the changes in anatomical structure of the rice root system could provide theoretical basis for understanding the mechanisms of high temperature and waterlogging stress. To examine interactions between temperature and waterlogging stress, an experiment was set up in a growth chamber consisting of two temperatures (moderate, 30–34 °C and high, 35–38 °C) with three depths of flooding (0–5, 10 and 15 cm). Treatments commenced at the booting stage and lasted five days, after which all treatments were returned to a 0–5 cm flooding depth and the same temperature regime. Observations were made immediately after cessation of treatments, then after 5, 10 and 20 d to test the effect of treatments on subsequent root anatomical development. The low-stress control (0–5 cm, medium temperature) showed no change with time in aerenchyma area, thickness of the outer root, stele diameter, and the number nor diameter of xylem vessels. Root diameter and stele diameter under the high-stress control (0–5 cm, high temperature) were decreased by 29.09% and 15.28%, respectively, at the booting stage, whereas the high stress control (15 cm, high temperature) affected only the vessel diameter, reducing it by 14.11% compared with that in the low-stress control (0–5 cm, medium temperature). Compared to the high-stress control (0–5 cm, high temperature), the interaction of high temperature and waterlogging stress alleviated the inhibiting effect of the changes in the root system, especially after the end of the stress. We thought that waterlogging could reduce the damage of high temperature on rice root growth. Low water depth waterlogging has little effect on rice root system and aerenchyma area root diameter at 0, 5, 10 and 20 d after the stress ended, and the thickness of the outer root, stele diameter and the number and diameter of vessels at 0 d under M15 (15 cm, medium temperature) had no significant difference compared with M5 (0–5 cm, medium temperature). However, the increase in rice root diameter, stele diameter, thickness of the outer root cortex depth and vessel diameter were inhibited under high temperature stress at the booting stage. Root diameter and stele diameter under H5 (0–5 cm, high temperature) were decreased by 29.09% and 15.28%, respectively, at the booting stage, whereas H15 (15 cm, high temperature) affected only the vessel diameter, reducing it by 14.11% compared with that in the M5. Compared to H5, the interaction of high temperature and waterlogging stress alleviated the inhibiting effect of the changes in the root system, especially after the end of the stress. We thought that waterlogging could lighten the damage of high temperature on rice root growth.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Rice root diameter decreased by 29.09% under high temperature and shallow flooding.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- booting stagee0
- Treatment
- H5 (0–5 cm, high temperature)e0
- Outcome
- Root diametere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 29.09%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“Root diameter and stele diameter under H5 (0–5 cm, high temperature) were decreased by 29.09% and 15.28%, respectively, at the booting stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice stele diameter decreased by 15.28% under high temperature and shallow flooding.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- H5 (0–5 cm, high temperature)e0
- Outcome
- stele diametere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 15.28%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“Root diameter and stele diameter under H5 (0–5 cm, high temperature) were decreased by 29.09% and 15.28%, respectively, at the booting stage”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature with 15 cm flooding reduced vessel diameter by 14.11% versus shallow flooding at medium temperature.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- H15 (15 cm, high temperature)e0
- Outcome
- vessel diametere0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 14.11%e0
- Comparator
- M5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“H15 (15 cm, high temperature) affected only the vessel diameter, reducing it by 14.11% compared with that in the M5”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined heat and waterlogging alleviated inhibition of rice root system changes compared with shallow flooding under heat, especially after stress ended.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- interaction of high temperature and waterlogging stresse0
- Outcome
- changes in the root systeme0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Qualifier
- especially after the end of the stresse0
- Comparator
- H5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“Compared to H5, the interaction of high temperature and waterlogging stress alleviated the inhibiting effect of the changes in the root system, especially after the end of the stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice root diameter, outer cortex thickness, stele diameter and vessel diameter increases were inhibited by high temperature at booting.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- booting stagee0
- Treatment
- high temperature stresse0
- Outcome
- root diameter, stele diameter, thickness of the outer root cortex depth and vessel diametere0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“the increase in rice root diameter, stele diameter, thickness of the outer root cortex depth and vessel diameter were inhibited under high temperature stress at the booting stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The low-stress control showed no temporal change in measured rice root anatomical traits.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- low-stress control (0–5 cm, medium temperature)e0
- Outcome
- aerenchyma area, thickness of the outer root, stele diameter, and the number nor diameter of xylem vesselse0
- Direction
- no changee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“The low-stress control (0–5 cm, medium temperature) showed no change with time in aerenchyma area, thickness of the outer root, stele diameter, and the number nor diameter of xylem vessels”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred that waterlogging can lessen heat damage to rice root growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- damage of high temperature on rice root growthe0
- Direction
- lightene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“We thought that waterlogging could lighten the damage of high temperature on rice root growth”
The same questions in other papers
heat · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
45 papers in the same direction as this paper · 60 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
103 papers more in this group
See all 107 papers →flooding · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
63 papers in the same direction as this paper · 72 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
134 papers more in this group
See all 138 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.