Abstract
) based on analyses of physiology and proteome using iTRAQ technology. GABA-treated plants maintained significantly higher endogenous GABA content, photochemical efficiency, performance index on absorption basis, membrane stability, and osmotic adjustment (OA) than untreated plants during a prolonged period of heat stress (18 days), which indicated beneficial effects of GABA on alleviating heat damage. Protein profiles showed that plants were able to regulate some common metabolic processes including porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, glutathione metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, carbon fixation, and amino acid metabolism for heat acclimation. It is noteworthy that the GABA application particularly regulated arachidonic acid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis related to better thermotolerance. In response to heat stress, the GABA priming significantly increased the abundances of Cu/ZnSOD and APX4 that were consistent with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities. The GABA-upregulated proteins in relation to antioxidant defense (Cu/ZnSOD and APX4) for the reactive oxygen species scavenging, heat shock response (HSP90, HSP70, and HSP16.9) for preventing denatured proteins aggregation, stabilizing abnormal proteins, promoting protein maturation and assembly, sugars, and amino acids metabolism (PFK5, ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase 5; FK2, fructokinase 2; BFRUCT, β-fructofuranosidase; RFS2, galactinol-sucrose galactosyltransferase 2; ASN2, asparagine synthetase 2) for OA and energy metabolism, and transcription factor (C2H2 ZNF, C2H2 zinc-finger protein) for the activation of stress-defensive genes could play vital roles in establishing thermotolerance. Current findings provide an illuminating insight into the new function of GABA on enhancing adaptability to heat stress in plants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
GABA-treated plants retained higher endogenous GABA content during 18 days of heat stress.
- Taxon
- Creeping Bentgrass
Agrostis stoloniferat0 - Treatment
- GABA-treatede0
- Outcome
- endogenous GABA contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- heat stress (18 days)e0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GABA-treated plants maintained significantly higher endogenous GABA content, photochemical efficiency, performance index on absorption basis, membrane stability, and osmotic adjustment (OA) than untreated plants during a prolonged period of heat stress (18 days)”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA treatment maintained higher photochemical efficiency and absorption performance index during heat stress.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- GABA-treatede0
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiency, performance index on absorption basise0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GABA-treated plants maintained significantly higher endogenous GABA content, photochemical efficiency, performance index on absorption basis, membrane stability, and osmotic adjustment (OA) than untreated plants during a prolonged period of heat stress (18 days)”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA treatment maintained higher membrane stability and osmotic adjustment during heat stress.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- GABA-treatede0
- Outcome
- membrane stability, and osmotic adjustment (OA)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GABA-treated plants maintained significantly higher endogenous GABA content, photochemical efficiency, performance index on absorption basis, membrane stability, and osmotic adjustment (OA) than untreated plants during a prolonged period of heat stress (18 days)”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-acclimating plants regulated porphyrin and chlorophyll, glutathione and pyruvate metabolism.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Outcome
- porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, glutathione metabolism, pyruvate metabolisme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants were able to regulate some common metabolic processes including porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, glutathione metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, carbon fixation, and amino acid metabolism for heat acclimation.”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-acclimating plants also regulated carbon fixation and amino acid metabolism.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Outcome
- carbon fixation, and amino acid metabolisme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants were able to regulate some common metabolic processes including porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, glutathione metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, carbon fixation, and amino acid metabolism for heat acclimation.”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA application particularly regulated arachidonic acid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in relation to thermotolerance.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- GABA applicatione0
- Outcome
- arachidonic acid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesise0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the GABA application particularly regulated arachidonic acid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis related to better thermotolerance.”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA priming significantly increased Cu/ZnSOD and APX4 abundances.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- GABA priminge0
- Gene
- Cu/ZnSOD and APX4e0
- Outcome
- abundances of Cu/ZnSOD and APX4e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the GABA priming significantly increased the abundances of Cu/ZnSOD and APX4”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Cu/ZnSOD and APX4 abundance matched SOD and APX activities.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Gene
- Cu/ZnSOD and APX4e0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activitiese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the GABA priming significantly increased the abundances of Cu/ZnSOD and APX4 that were consistent with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities.”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose antioxidant, heat-shock, metabolic and transcription-factor proteins as contributors to thermotolerance.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Outcome
- thermotolerancee0
- Qualifier
- antioxidant defensee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GABA-upregulated proteins in relation to antioxidant defense (Cu/ZnSOD and APX4) for the reactive oxygen species scavenging, heat shock response (HSP90, HSP70, and HSP16.9) for preventing denatured proteins aggregation, stabilizing abnormal proteins, promoting protein maturation and assembly, sugars, and amino acids metabolism (PFK5, ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase 5; FK2, fructokinase 2; BFRUCT, β-fructofuranosidase; RFS2, galactinol-sucrose galactosyltransferase 2; ASN2, asparagine synthetase 2) for OA and energy metabolism, and transcription factor (C2H2 ZNF, C2H2 zinc-finger protein) for the activation of stress-defensive genes could play vital roles in establishing thermotolerance.”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
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