Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity is greatly affected by soil salinity and melatonin (MLT) has long been recognized as a positive molecule that can alleviate the damage caused by salt. Here, the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of salt tolerance by MLT was investigated in rice. MLT pretreatment increased the fresh and dry weight of rice seedlings under salt stress. Its beneficial effects include less relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and better K+/Na+ homeostasis. MLT increased the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The polyamines (PAs) content and the utilization of arginine were also increased, thereby increasing NO content in salt-stressed rice seedlings. Pharmacological approach showed that NO, as a necessary downstream signaling molecule, was involved in the regulation of MLT on the K+/Na+ homeostasis of rice. Under salt stress, MLT improved the H+-pumps activities in plasma membrane (PM) and vacuole membrane (VM) in roots, MLT also increased the ATP content of rice roots by increasing the NO content of rice. Thus, the efflux of Na+ and the influx of K+ were promoted. When endogenous NO was scavenged, the regulation of K+/Na+ homeostasis by MLT was blocked. Therefore, MLT mediated K+/Na+ homeostasis of rice under salt stress by mediating NO.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin pretreatment increased fresh and dry weight of salt stressed rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- MLT pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MLT pretreatment increased the fresh and dry weight of rice seedlings under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin reduced relative electrolyte leakage under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- MLTe1
- Outcome
- relative electrolyte leakage (REL)e0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Its beneficial effects include less relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and better K+/Na+ homeostasis”
e1“MLT pretreatment increased the fresh and dry weight of rice seedlings under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin improved K+/Na+ homeostasis under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- MLTe1
- Outcome
- K+/Na+ homeostasise0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Its beneficial effects include less relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and better K+/Na+ homeostasis”
e1“MLT pretreatment increased the fresh and dry weight of rice seedlings under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased nitric oxide synthase activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- MLTe0
- Outcome
- activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MLT increased the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)”
e1“MLT pretreatment increased the fresh and dry weight of rice seedlings under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased polyamine content in salt stressed seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MLTe1
- Outcome
- polyamines (PAs) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The polyamines (PAs) content and the utilization of arginine were also increased, thereby increasing NO content in salt-stressed rice seedlings”
e1“MLT pretreatment increased the fresh and dry weight of rice seedlings under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased arginine utilization in salt stressed seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MLTe1
- Outcome
- utilization of argininee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The polyamines (PAs) content and the utilization of arginine were also increased, thereby increasing NO content in salt-stressed rice seedlings”
e1“MLT pretreatment increased the fresh and dry weight of rice seedlings under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased NO content in salt stressed seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MLTe1
- Outcome
- NO contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereby increasing NO content in salt-stressed rice seedlings”
e1“MLT pretreatment increased the fresh and dry weight of rice seedlings under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Pharmacological tests implicated NO as necessary downstream signaling in melatonin regulation of K+/Na+ homeostasis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Compound
- NOe0
- Outcome
- K+/Na+ homeostasise0
- Qualifier
- necessary downstream signaling moleculee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pharmacological approach showed that NO, as a necessary downstream signaling molecule, was involved in the regulation of MLT on the K+/Na+ homeostasis of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin improved plasma and vacuole membrane H+-pump activities in roots under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- MLTe0
- Outcome
- H+-pumps activitiese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salt stress, MLT improved the H+-pumps activities in plasma membrane (PM) and vacuole membrane (VM) in roots”
e1“MLT pretreatment increased the fresh and dry weight of rice seedlings under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased rice root ATP content by increasing NO content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- MLTe0
- Compound
- NOe0
- Outcome
- ATP contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MLT also increased the ATP content of rice roots by increasing the NO content of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin promoted Na+ efflux in rice under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- MLTe1
- Outcome
- efflux of Na+e0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, the efflux of Na+ and the influx of K+ were promoted”
e1“MLT pretreatment increased the fresh and dry weight of rice seedlings under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin promoted K+ influx in rice under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- MLTe1
- Outcome
- influx of K+e0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, the efflux of Na+ and the influx of K+ were promoted”
e1“MLT pretreatment increased the fresh and dry weight of rice seedlings under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Scavenging endogenous NO blocked melatonin regulation of K+/Na+ homeostasis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- endogenous NO was scavengede0
- Outcome
- regulation of K+/Na+ homeostasis by MLTe0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When endogenous NO was scavenged, the regulation of K+/Na+ homeostasis by MLT was blocked”
e1“MLT pretreatment increased the fresh and dry weight of rice seedlings under salt stress”
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