Abstract
High salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting rice production. Melatonin has been implicated in the salt tolerance of rice. However, the molecular basis of melatonin-mediated salt tolerance in rice remains unclear. In the present study, we performed an integrated transcriptome and metabolome profiling of rice seedlings treated with salt, melatonin, or salt + melatonin. The application of exogenous melatonin increased the salt tolerance of rice plants by decreasing the sodium content to maintain Na + /K + homeostasis, alleviating membrane lipid oxidation, and enhancing chlorophyll contention. A comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that complex molecular pathways contribute to melatonin-mediated salt tolerance. More specifically, the AP2/EREBP–HB–WRKY transcriptional cascade and phytohormone (e.g., auxin and abscisic acid) signaling pathways were activated by an exogenous melatonin treatment. On the basis of metabolome profiles, 64 metabolites, such as amino acids, organic acids, nucleotides, and secondary metabolites, were identified with increased abundances only in plants treated with salt + melatonin. Several of these metabolites including endogenous melatonin and its intermediates (5-hydroxy- L -tryptophan, N 1 -acetyl- N 2 -formyl-5-methoxykynuramine), gallic acid, diosmetin, and cyanidin 3- O -galactoside had antioxidant functions, suggesting melatonin activates multiple antioxidant pathways to alleviate the detrimental effects of salt stress. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed a few gene–metabolite networks related to various pathways, including linoleic acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism that are important for melatonin-mediated salt tolerance. The data presented herein may be useful for further elucidating the multiple regulatory roles of melatonin in plant responses to abiotic stresses.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin increased salt tolerance of rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- exogenous melatonine1
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin has been implicated in the salt tolerance of rice”
e1“The application of exogenous melatonin increased the salt tolerance of rice plants by decreasing the sodium content to maintain Na + /K + homeostasis, alleviating membrane lipid oxidation, and enhancing chlorophyll contention”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin decreased sodium content in salt-stressed rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous melatonine1
- Outcome
- sodium contente1
- Direction
- decreasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin has been implicated in the salt tolerance of rice”
e1“The application of exogenous melatonin increased the salt tolerance of rice plants by decreasing the sodium content to maintain Na + /K + homeostasis, alleviating membrane lipid oxidation, and enhancing chlorophyll contention”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin alleviated membrane lipid oxidation in salt-stressed rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous melatonine1
- Outcome
- membrane lipid oxidatione1
- Direction
- alleviatinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin has been implicated in the salt tolerance of rice”
e1“The application of exogenous melatonin increased the salt tolerance of rice plants by decreasing the sodium content to maintain Na + /K + homeostasis, alleviating membrane lipid oxidation, and enhancing chlorophyll contention”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin enhanced chlorophyll contention in salt-stressed rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous melatonine1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentione1
- Direction
- enhancinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin has been implicated in the salt tolerance of rice”
e1“The application of exogenous melatonin increased the salt tolerance of rice plants by decreasing the sodium content to maintain Na + /K + homeostasis, alleviating membrane lipid oxidation, and enhancing chlorophyll contention”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin activated the AP2/EREBP–HB–WRKY transcriptional cascade in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous melatonin treatmente2
- Gene
- AP2/EREBP–HB–WRKYe2
- Outcome
- AP2/EREBP–HB–WRKY transcriptional cascadee2
- Direction
- activatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin has been implicated in the salt tolerance of rice”
e2“the AP2/EREBP–HB–WRKY transcriptional cascade and phytohormone (e.g., auxin and abscisic acid) signaling pathways were activated by an exogenous melatonin treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin activated phytohormone signaling pathways, including auxin and abscisic acid, in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous melatonin treatmente2
- Compound
- auxin and abscisic acide2
- Outcome
- signaling pathwayse2
- Direction
- activatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin has been implicated in the salt tolerance of rice”
e2“the AP2/EREBP–HB–WRKY transcriptional cascade and phytohormone (e.g., auxin and abscisic acid) signaling pathways were activated by an exogenous melatonin treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
64 metabolites increased in abundance only in rice treated with salt and melatonin.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- salt + melatonine3
- Outcome
- increased abundancese3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 64 metabolitese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin has been implicated in the salt tolerance of rice”
e3“On the basis of metabolome profiles, 64 metabolites, such as amino acids, organic acids, nucleotides, and secondary metabolites, were identified with increased abundances only in plants treated with salt + melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
Gallic acid, diosmetin and cyanidin 3-O-galactoside have antioxidant functions in salt-stressed rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Compound
- gallic acid, diosmetin, and cyanidin 3- O -galactosidee4
- Outcome
- antioxidant functionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin has been implicated in the salt tolerance of rice”
e4“Several of these metabolites including endogenous melatonin and its intermediates (5-hydroxy- L -tryptophan, N 1 -acetyl- N 2 -formyl-5-methoxykynuramine), gallic acid, diosmetin, and cyanidin 3- O -galactoside had antioxidant functions”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin activates multiple antioxidant pathways to alleviate the detrimental effects of salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- melatonine5
- Outcome
- antioxidant pathwayse5
- Qualifier
- alleviate the detrimental effects of salt stresse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin has been implicated in the salt tolerance of rice”
e5“suggesting melatonin activates multiple antioxidant pathways to alleviate the detrimental effects of salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene–metabolite networks in linoleic acid and amino acid metabolism are important for melatonin-mediated salt tolerance in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- melatonin-mediated salt tolerancee6
- Qualifier
- linoleic acid metabolism and amino acid metabolisme6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin has been implicated in the salt tolerance of rice”
e6“Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed a few gene–metabolite networks related to various pathways, including linoleic acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism that are important for melatonin-mediated salt tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Complex molecular pathways contribute to melatonin-mediated salt tolerance in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- melatonin-mediated salt tolerancee7
- Qualifier
- complex molecular pathwayse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin has been implicated in the salt tolerance of rice”
e7“A comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that complex molecular pathways contribute to melatonin-mediated salt tolerance”
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.