Abstract
The nutrient concentration of fruits and vegetables in the U.S.A. has declined in the past 50–70 years. Crop management practices utilizing on-farm inputs are thought to increase crop nutritional quality, but few studies have evaluated this under long-term side-by-side trials. An experiment was conducted from 2004 to 2005 at Rodale Institute’s long-term Farming Systems Trial to investigate the nutritional quality of vegetables under organic manure (MNR) and conventional (CNV) farming systems, with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) treatment. AMF reduced the vitamin C content in carrots in both systems in 2004, but the reduction was 87% in CNV and 28% in MNR. AMF also reduced antioxidants in carrots in both CNV and MNR. This trend was likely due to the suppression of native AMF colonization by the non-native AMF inoculum used. Between 2004 and 2005, MNR increased the vitamin C in green peppers by 50% while CNV decreased the vitamin C in red peppers by 48%. Tomatoes under MNR had a 40% greater vitamin C content compared to CNV in 2005. The vegetable yield declined between 2004 and 2005, except for tomato, where the yield increased by 51% and 44% under CNV and MNR, respectively. In general, MNR tended to increase the nutrient concentration of vegetables compared with CNV, while the AMF effects were inconclusive.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
AMF reduced vitamin C content in carrots by 87% under conventional management in 2004.
- Taxon
- carrots
Daucus carotae1 - Treatment
- AMFe1
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e0symbiont
- Outcome
- vitamin C contente1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 87%e1
- Comparator
- without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) treatmente0
- Setting
- CNVe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) treatment”
e1“AMF reduced the vitamin C content in carrots in both systems in 2004, but the reduction was 87% in CNV and 28% in MNR”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF reduced vitamin C content in carrots by 28% under organic manure management in 2004.
- Taxon
- carrotsDaucus carotae1
- Treatment
- AMFe1
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e0symbiont
- Outcome
- vitamin C contente1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 28%e1
- Comparator
- without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) treatmente0
- Setting
- MNRe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) treatment”
e1“AMF reduced the vitamin C content in carrots in both systems in 2004, but the reduction was 87% in CNV and 28% in MNR”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF reduced antioxidants in carrots under both conventional and organic manure management.
- Taxon
- carrotsDaucus carotae2
- Treatment
- AMFe2
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e0symbiont
- Outcome
- antioxidantse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) treatmente0
- Setting
- both CNV and MNRe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) treatment”
e2“AMF also reduced antioxidants in carrots in both CNV and MNR”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure increased vitamin C in green peppers by 50% between 2004 and 2005.
Verbatim
e0“MNR increased the vitamin C in green peppers by 50%”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional management decreased vitamin C in red peppers by 48% between 2004 and 2005.
- Taxon
- red peppers
Capsicum annuum var. annuume0 - Treatment
- CNVe0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 48%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CNV decreased the vitamin C in red peppers by 48%”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomatoes under organic manure had 40% greater vitamin C content than under conventional management in 2005.
- Taxon
- Tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- MNRe0
- Outcome
- vitamin C contente0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Comparator
- CNVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomatoes under MNR had a 40% greater vitamin C content compared to CNV in 2005”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetable yield declined between 2004 and 2005.
Verbatim
e0“The vegetable yield declined between 2004 and 2005”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato yield increased by 51% under conventional management.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except for tomato, where the yield increased by 51% and 44% under CNV and MNR, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato yield increased by 44% under organic manure management.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except for tomato, where the yield increased by 51% and 44% under CNV and MNR, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure tended to increase the nutrient concentration of vegetables compared with conventional management.
Verbatim
e1“MNR tended to increase the nutrient concentration of vegetables compared with CNV”
Claim · model-written summary
The AMF effects on vegetables were inconclusive.
Verbatim
e1“MNR tended to increase the nutrient concentration of vegetables compared with CNV”
e2“the AMF effects were inconclusive”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · molecular: metabolites · Daucus carota (carrot)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
mycorrhiza · quality: phytochemicals · Daucus carota (carrot)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
fertilization · quality: phytochemicals · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
154 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
167 papers more in this group
See all 171 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.