Abstract
The spectral quality and intensity of light, photoperiodism, and other environmental factors have profound impacts on the metabolic composition of light-dependent higher plants. Hence, we investigate the effects of fluorescent light (96 μmol m−2s−1) and white (100 μmol m−2s−1), blue (100 μmol m−2s−1), and red (93 μmol m−2s−1) light-emitting diode (LED) light irradiation on the C-glycosylflavone and policosanol contents in young seedlings of wheat and barley. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analyses of C-glycosylflavone contents in barley reveal that the saponarin content is significantly enhanced under blue LED light irradiation. Under similar conditions, isoorientin and isoschaftoside contents are improved in wheat seedlings. The contents of these C-glycosylflavones differed along with the light quality and growth period. The highest accumulation was observed in sprouts after three days under blue LED light irradiation. GC/MS analyses of policosanol contents showed that 1-hexacosanol (C26:o–OH) in barley and 1-octacosanol (C28:o–OH) in wheat seedlings were reduced under LED light irradiation, compared to seedlings under fluorescent light conditions. Nonetheless, the policosanol contents gradually improved with the extension of growth times and treatments, irrespective of the light quality. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the expression pattern of biosynthesis-related genes and the respective metabolite content in barley. This study demonstrates that blue LED light irradiation is useful in maximizing the C-glycosylflavone content in barley and wheat sprouts.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Blue LED irradiation significantly enhanced barley saponarin content.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- blue LED light irradiatione0
- Outcome
- saponarin contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the saponarin content is significantly enhanced under blue LED light irradiation”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue LED irradiation improved wheat isoorientin and isoschaftoside contents.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- similar conditionse0
- Outcome
- isoorientin and isoschaftoside contentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under similar conditions, isoorientin and isoschaftoside contents are improved in wheat seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
C-glycosylflavone contents varied with light quality and growth period.
- Taxon
- Wheat and BarleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- light quality and growth periode0
- Outcome
- contents of these C-glycosylflavonese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of these C-glycosylflavones differed along with the light quality and growth period.”
t0“Wheat and Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprouts accumulated most C-glycosylflavones after three days under blue LED irradiation.
- Taxon
- Wheat and BarleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- sproutse0
- Treatment
- blue LED light irradiatione0
- Outcome
- accumulatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- after three dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest accumulation was observed in sprouts after three days under blue LED light irradiation.”
t0“Wheat and Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
LED irradiation reduced barley 1-hexacosanol relative to fluorescent light.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- LED light irradiatione0
- Outcome
- 1-hexacosanol (C26:o–OH)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- fluorescent light conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-hexacosanol (C26:o–OH) in barley and 1-octacosanol (C28:o–OH) in wheat seedlings were reduced under LED light irradiation, compared to seedlings under fluorescent light conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
LED irradiation reduced wheat 1-octacosanol relative to fluorescent light.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- LED light irradiatione0
- Outcome
- 1-octacosanol (C28:o–OH)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- fluorescent light conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-hexacosanol (C26:o–OH) in barley and 1-octacosanol (C28:o–OH) in wheat seedlings were reduced under LED light irradiation, compared to seedlings under fluorescent light conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Policosanol contents increased with longer growth times and treatments irrespective of light quality.
- Taxon
- Wheat and BarleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- extension of growth times and treatmentse0
- Outcome
- policosanol contentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the policosanol contents gradually improved with the extension of growth times and treatments, irrespective of the light quality”
t0“Wheat and Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of biosynthesis-related genes positively correlated with respective metabolite content in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Gene
- biosynthesis-related genese0
- Outcome
- respective metabolite contente0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a positive correlation was observed between the expression pattern of biosynthesis-related genes and the respective metabolite content in barley”
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