Abstract
This study was carried out during two successive seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 on pot marigold plant (Calendula officinalis, L.) at the Experimental Station of Ornamental Plants, Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., aiming to investigate the response of pot marigold plants to three rates of each of strain of nitrogen fixing bacteria “Azospirillum sp.” under the commercial name of “Nitrobein”, phosphate dissolving bacteria “Bacillus megaterium” under the commercial name of “Phosphorein” were applied to pot marigold seedlings after one month of sowing. The soil inoculation was repeated twice every month. While, yeast as a foliar spray at the rates 0, 1, 2 and 4 g/L. Results showed that all treatments of biofertilization improved different vegetative growth characters, promoted flowering parameters and stimulating various chemical constituents compared with control. However, it is evident that the application of active dry yeast treatments as a foliar spray proved to be the most favorable as significant increases in vegetative growth, best quality and quantity of flower production and various chemical constituents such as carotenoids, carbohydrates and oleanolic in the flower as well as chlorophylls contents and nitrogen and phosphorus percentage in the leaves. The data showed that the growth characters and chemical constituents of pot marigold plants were significantly increased when the plants received the three dry yeast applications. The highest concentration of dry yeast (4 g/L) induced significant improvement in the all growth characters and chemical composition. Hence, these findings clearly indicate that active dry yeast could be used as effective tools instead of chemical fertilization, lowering the productive costs and consequently minimize the pollution of the agriculture environment.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
All biofertilization treatments improved vegetative growth characters of pot marigold relative to control.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalis
Calendula officinalise0 - Treatment
- all treatments of biofertilizatione2
- Outcome
- vegetative growth characterse2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pot marigold plant (Calendula officinalis, L.)”
e2“Results showed that all treatments of biofertilization improved different vegetative growth characters”
e3“promoted flowering parameters and stimulating various chemical constituents compared with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilization promoted flowering parameters of pot marigold relative to control.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalisCalendula officinalise0
- Treatment
- biofertilizatione2
- Outcome
- flowering parameterse3
- Direction
- promotede3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pot marigold plant (Calendula officinalis, L.)”
e2“Results showed that all treatments of biofertilization improved different vegetative growth characters”
e3“promoted flowering parameters and stimulating various chemical constituents compared with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilization stimulated chemical constituents of pot marigold relative to control.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalisCalendula officinalise0
- Treatment
- biofertilizatione2
- Outcome
- chemical constituentse3
- Direction
- stimulatinge3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pot marigold plant (Calendula officinalis, L.)”
e2“Results showed that all treatments of biofertilization improved different vegetative growth characters”
e3“promoted flowering parameters and stimulating various chemical constituents compared with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar dry yeast significantly increased vegetative growth of pot marigold and was the most favorable treatment.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalisCalendula officinalise0
- Treatment
- active dry yeast treatments as a foliar spraye4
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe4
- Direction
- significant increasese4
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pot marigold plant (Calendula officinalis, L.)”
e3“promoted flowering parameters and stimulating various chemical constituents compared with control”
e4“it is evident that the application of active dry yeast treatments as a foliar spray proved to be the most favorable as significant increases in vegetative growth, best quality and quantity of flower production and various chemical constituents such as carotenoids, carbohydrates and oleanolic in the flower as well as chlorophylls contents and nitrogen and phosphorus percentage in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar dry yeast gave the best quality and quantity of flower production.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalisCalendula officinalise0
- Treatment
- active dry yeast treatments as a foliar spraye4
- Outcome
- quality and quantity of flower productione4
- Direction
- beste4
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pot marigold plant (Calendula officinalis, L.)”
e3“promoted flowering parameters and stimulating various chemical constituents compared with control”
e4“it is evident that the application of active dry yeast treatments as a foliar spray proved to be the most favorable as significant increases in vegetative growth, best quality and quantity of flower production and various chemical constituents such as carotenoids, carbohydrates and oleanolic in the flower as well as chlorophylls contents and nitrogen and phosphorus percentage in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar dry yeast significantly increased carotenoids, carbohydrates and oleanolic acid in pot marigold flowers.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalisCalendula officinalise0
- Organ / stage
- in the flowere4
- Treatment
- active dry yeast treatments as a foliar spraye4
- Outcome
- carotenoids, carbohydrates and oleanolice4
- Direction
- significant increasese4
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pot marigold plant (Calendula officinalis, L.)”
e3“promoted flowering parameters and stimulating various chemical constituents compared with control”
e4“it is evident that the application of active dry yeast treatments as a foliar spray proved to be the most favorable as significant increases in vegetative growth, best quality and quantity of flower production and various chemical constituents such as carotenoids, carbohydrates and oleanolic in the flower as well as chlorophylls contents and nitrogen and phosphorus percentage in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar dry yeast significantly increased leaf chlorophyll, nitrogen and phosphorus in pot marigold.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalisCalendula officinalise0
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- active dry yeast treatments as a foliar spraye4
- Outcome
- chlorophylls contents and nitrogen and phosphorus percentagee4
- Direction
- significant increasese4
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pot marigold plant (Calendula officinalis, L.)”
e3“promoted flowering parameters and stimulating various chemical constituents compared with control”
e4“it is evident that the application of active dry yeast treatments as a foliar spray proved to be the most favorable as significant increases in vegetative growth, best quality and quantity of flower production and various chemical constituents such as carotenoids, carbohydrates and oleanolic in the flower as well as chlorophylls contents and nitrogen and phosphorus percentage in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest dry yeast concentration, 4 g/L, significantly improved growth characters and chemical composition.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalisCalendula officinalise0
- Treatment
- highest concentration of dry yeast (4 g/L)e5
- Outcome
- growth characters and chemical compositione5
- Direction
- significant improvemente5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pot marigold plant (Calendula officinalis, L.)”
e5“The highest concentration of dry yeast (4 g/L) induced significant improvement in the all growth characters and chemical composition”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that active dry yeast can replace chemical fertilization as an effective, low-cost tool.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalisCalendula officinalise0
- Treatment
- active dry yeaste6
- Outcome
- effective tools instead of chemical fertilizatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pot marigold plant (Calendula officinalis, L.)”
e6“active dry yeast could be used as effective tools instead of chemical fertilization”
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.