Abstract
Abstract The objective of this study was to identify the effect of abscisic acid (ABA), putrescine (Put) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) foliar pre-treatment on drought tolerance of barley. Despite water limitation, ABA-sprayed plants preserved increased water content, photosynthetic efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) and CO 2 assimilation rate ( P n ) compared to untreated stressed plants. The ABA-treated plants presented also the lowest rate of lipid peroxidation (MDA), lowered the rate of PSII primary acceptor reduction (1 – qP) and increased the yield of regulated energy dissipation (NPQ) with higher accumulation of PGRL1 (PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION LIKE1) protein. These plants preserved a similar level of photochemical efficiency and the rate of electron transport of PSII (ETR II ) to the well-watered samples. The significantly less pronounced response was observed in Put-sprayed samples under drought. Additionally, the combined effects of drought and H 2 O 2 application increased the 1 – qP and quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII (ΦNO) and reduced the accumulation of Rubisco activase (RCA). In conclusion, ABA foliar application allowed to balance water retention and preserve antioxidant capacity resulting in efficient photosynthesis and the restricted risk of oxidative damage under drought. Neither hydrogen peroxide nor putrescine has been able to ameliorate drought stress as effectively as ABA.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-sprayed barley plants under drought kept higher water content than untreated stressed plants.
- Taxon
- barley
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Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- ABA-sprayede0
- Outcome
- water contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“drought tolerance of barley”
e0“ABA-sprayed plants preserved increased water content, photosynthetic efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) and CO 2 assimilation rate ( P n ) compared to untreated stressed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-sprayed barley plants under drought had higher photosynthetic efficiency of PSII and CO2 assimilation rate than untreated stressed plants.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ABA-sprayede0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) and CO 2 assimilation rate ( P n )e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“drought tolerance of barley”
e0“ABA-sprayed plants preserved increased water content, photosynthetic efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) and CO 2 assimilation rate ( P n ) compared to untreated stressed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-treated barley plants had the lowest rate of lipid peroxidation (MDA) under drought.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ABA-treatede1
- Outcome
- rate of lipid peroxidation (MDA)e1
- Direction
- loweste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“drought tolerance of barley”
e1“The ABA-treated plants presented also the lowest rate of lipid peroxidation (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-treated barley plants lowered the rate of PSII primary acceptor reduction (1 – qP) under drought.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ABA-treatede1
- Outcome
- PSII primary acceptor reduction (1 – qP)e2
- Direction
- lowerede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“drought tolerance of barley”
e1“The ABA-treated plants presented also the lowest rate of lipid peroxidation (MDA)”
e2“lowered the rate of PSII primary acceptor reduction (1 – qP)”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-treated barley plants increased the yield of regulated energy dissipation (NPQ) under drought.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ABA-treatede1
- Outcome
- yield of regulated energy dissipation (NPQ)e3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“drought tolerance of barley”
e1“The ABA-treated plants presented also the lowest rate of lipid peroxidation (MDA)”
e3“increased the yield of regulated energy dissipation (NPQ) with higher accumulation of PGRL1 (PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION LIKE1) protein”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-treated barley plants had higher accumulation of the PGRL1 protein under drought.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“drought tolerance of barley”
e1“The ABA-treated plants presented also the lowest rate of lipid peroxidation (MDA)”
e3“increased the yield of regulated energy dissipation (NPQ) with higher accumulation of PGRL1 (PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION LIKE1) protein”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-treated barley plants kept photochemical efficiency and PSII electron transport at a similar level to well-watered plants under drought.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ABA-treatede1
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiency and the rate of electron transport of PSII (ETR II )e4
- Direction
- similar levele4
- Comparator
- well-watered samplese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“drought tolerance of barley”
e1“The ABA-treated plants presented also the lowest rate of lipid peroxidation (MDA)”
e4“These plants preserved a similar level of photochemical efficiency and the rate of electron transport of PSII (ETR II ) to the well-watered samples”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine-sprayed barley showed a significantly less pronounced response under drought.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Put-sprayede5
- Outcome
- responsee5
- Direction
- significantly less pronouncede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“drought tolerance of barley”
e5“The significantly less pronounced response was observed in Put-sprayed samples under drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined drought and H2O2 application increased 1 – qP and the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII (ΦNO) in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- drought and H 2 O 2 applicatione6
- Outcome
- 1 – qP and quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII (ΦNO)e6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“drought tolerance of barley”
e6“the combined effects of drought and H 2 O 2 application increased the 1 – qP and quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII (ΦNO)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined drought and H2O2 application reduced the accumulation of Rubisco activase (RCA) in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- drought and H 2 O 2 applicatione6
- Gene
- Rubisco activase (RCA)e7
- Outcome
- accumulation of Rubisco activase (RCA)e7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“drought tolerance of barley”
e6“the combined effects of drought and H 2 O 2 application increased the 1 – qP and quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII (ΦNO)”
e7“reduced the accumulation of Rubisco activase (RCA)”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA foliar application restricted the risk of oxidative damage under drought in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ABA foliar applicatione2
- Outcome
- risk of oxidative damagee2
- Direction
- restrictede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“drought tolerance of barley”
e2“In conclusion, ABA foliar application allowed to balance water retention and preserve antioxidant capacity resulting in efficient photosynthesis and the restricted risk of oxidative damage under drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine has not ameliorated drought stress in barley as effectively as ABA.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- putrescinee1
- Outcome
- ameliorate drought stresse1
- Direction
- as effectivelye1
- Comparator
- ABAe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“drought tolerance of barley”
e1“Neither hydrogen peroxide nor putrescine has been able to ameliorate drought stress as effectively as ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide has not ameliorated drought stress in barley as effectively as ABA.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- hydrogen peroxidee1
- Outcome
- ameliorate drought stresse1
- Direction
- as effectivelye1
- Comparator
- ABAe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“drought tolerance of barley”
e1“Neither hydrogen peroxide nor putrescine has been able to ameliorate drought stress as effectively as ABA”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.