Abstract
Storage oil is a major constituent in the cereal aleurone layer. The aim of this study was to investigate how gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) regulate conversion of oil to sugar in barley aleurone. The activity of the glyoxylate cycle enzyme isocitrate lyase (ICL) was surveyed in eight barley cultivars. Surprisingly, some cultivars do not require GA for the induction of ICL (e.g. Himalaya), whereas some do (e.g. Golden Promise). Furthermore, in Golden Promise, GA also stimulates triacylglycerol breakdown and enhances the net flux of carbon from acetate to sugar. In contrast, ABA strongly represses ICL activity and the flux of carbon from oil to sugar in both Golden Promise and Himalaya. Biolistics using a promoter reporter showed that GA and ABA regulate ICL at the level of transcription. Studies using barley and rice mutants and pharmacological agents show that GA-dependent induction of ICL activity is mediated by SLENDER1 and requires cGMP, but does not involve the transcription factor GAMYB. Gibberellin and ABA therefore act antagonistically to regulate gluconeogenesis in the aleurone layer as well as controlling the production and secretion of hydrolases into the starchy endosperm. We suggest that the variation between different barley cultivars might be a result of selective breeding to alter seed dormancy.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Barley cultivars differed in whether GA was required to induce ICL.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Material
- Himalayae0
- Gene
- ICLe0
- Outcome
- require GA for the induction of ICLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“some cultivars do not require GA for the induction of ICL (e.g. Himalaya), whereas some do (e.g. Golden Promise)”
t0“barley aleurone”
Claim · model-written summary
GA stimulated triacylglycerol breakdown in Golden Promise.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Golden Promisee0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- triacylglycerol breakdowne0
- Direction
- stimulatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Golden Promise, GA also stimulates triacylglycerol breakdown”
t0“barley aleurone”
Claim · model-written summary
GA enhanced acetate to sugar carbon flux in Golden Promise.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Golden Promisee0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- net flux of carbon from acetate to sugare0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Golden Promise, GA also stimulates triacylglycerol breakdown and enhances the net flux of carbon from acetate to sugar”
t0“barley aleurone”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA repressed ICL activity in two cultivars.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Golden Promise and Himalayae0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- ICL activitye0
- Direction
- repressese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA strongly represses ICL activity and the flux of carbon from oil to sugar in both Golden Promise and Himalaya”
t0“barley aleurone”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA repressed carbon flux from oil to sugar in two cultivars.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Golden Promise and Himalayae0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- flux of carbon from oil to sugare0
- Direction
- repressese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA strongly represses ICL activity and the flux of carbon from oil to sugar in both Golden Promise and Himalaya”
t0“barley aleurone”
Claim · model-written summary
GA and ABA regulated ICL transcription.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- GA and ABAe0
- Gene
- ICLe0
- Outcome
- ICL at the level of transcriptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA and ABA regulate ICL at the level of transcription”
t0“barley aleurone”
Claim · model-written summary
GA dependent ICL induction required SLENDER1 and cGMP.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Gene
- SLENDER1e0
- Compound
- cGMPe0
- Outcome
- GA-dependent induction of ICL activitye0
- Qualifier
- does not involve the transcription factor GAMYBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA-dependent induction of ICL activity is mediated by SLENDER1 and requires cGMP, but does not involve the transcription factor GAMYB”
t0“barley aleurone”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · molecular: metabolites · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
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- no effect
- no effect
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See all 15 papers →(+)-abscisic acid · molecular: metabolites · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
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See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.