Abstract
Summary In grape, MYBA1 and MYBA2 at the colour locus are the major genetic determinants of grape skin colour, and the mutation of two functional genes ( VvMYBA1 and VvMYBA2 ) from these loci leads to white skin colour. This study aimed to elucidate the regulation of grape berry coloration by isolating and characterizing VvMYBA2w and VvMYBA2r alleles. The overexpression of VvMYBA2r up‐regulated the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and resulted in higher anthocyanin accumulation in transgenic tobacco than wild‐type (WT) plants, especially in flowers. However, the ectopic expression of VvMYBA2w inactivated the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and could not cause obvious phenotypic modulation in transgenic tobacco. Unlike in VvMYBA2r, CA dinucleotide deletion shortened the C‐terminal transactivation region and disrupted the transcriptional activation activity of VvMYBA2w. The results indicated that VvMYBA2r positively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis by forming the VvMYBA2r‐VvMYCA1‐VvWDR1 complex, and VvWDR1 enhanced anthocyanin accumulation by interacting with the VvMYBA2r‐VvMYCA1 complex; however, R 44 L substitution abolished the interaction of VvMYBA2w with VvMYCA1. Meanwhile, both R 44 L substitution and CA dinucleotide deletion seriously affected the efficacy of VvMYBA2w to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis, and the two non‐synonymous mutations were additive in their effects. Investigation of the colour density and MYB haplotypes of 213 grape germplasms revealed that dark‐skinned varieties tended to contain HapC‐N and HapE2, whereas red‐skinned varieties contained high frequencies of HapB and HapC‐Rs. Regarding ploidy, the higher the number of functional alleles present in a variety, the darker was the skin colour. In summary, this study provides insight into the roles of VvMYBA2r and VvMYBA2w alleles and lays the foundation for the molecular breeding of grape varieties with different skin colour.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
VvMYBA2r overexpression upregulated anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in transgenic tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- overexpression of VvMYBA2re0
- Gene
- VvMYBA2re0
- Outcome
- expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genese0
- Direction
- up‐regulatede0
- Comparator
- wild‐type (WT) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overexpression of VvMYBA2r up‐regulated the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and resulted in higher anthocyanin accumulation in transgenic tobacco than wild‐type (WT) plants, especially in flowers.”
Claim · model-written summary
VvMYBA2r overexpression raised anthocyanin accumulation in transgenic tobacco, especially flowers.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Organ / stage
- flowerse0
- Treatment
- overexpression of VvMYBA2re0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin accumulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- wild‐type (WT) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overexpression of VvMYBA2r up‐regulated the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and resulted in higher anthocyanin accumulation in transgenic tobacco than wild‐type (WT) plants, especially in flowers.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic VvMYBA2w expression inactivated anthocyanin biosynthetic gene expression in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- ectopic expression of VvMYBA2we0
- Gene
- VvMYBA2we0
- Outcome
- expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genese0
- Direction
- inactivatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ectopic expression of VvMYBA2w inactivated the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and could not cause obvious phenotypic modulation in transgenic tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic VvMYBA2w expression did not cause obvious phenotype changes in transgenic tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- ectopic expression of VvMYBA2we0
- Outcome
- phenotypic modulatione0
- Direction
- could not causee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ectopic expression of VvMYBA2w inactivated the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and could not cause obvious phenotypic modulation in transgenic tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
A CA dinucleotide deletion shortened the VvMYBA2w C-terminal transactivation region.
Verbatim
e0“CA dinucleotide deletion shortened the C‐terminal transactivation region and disrupted the transcriptional activation activity of VvMYBA2w”
t0“grape (Vitis spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
A CA dinucleotide deletion disrupted VvMYBA2w transcriptional activation.
Verbatim
e0“CA dinucleotide deletion shortened the C‐terminal transactivation region and disrupted the transcriptional activation activity of VvMYBA2w”
t0“grape (Vitis spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
VvMYBA2r positively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis through a complex with VvMYCA1 and VvWDR1.
Verbatim
e0“VvMYBA2r positively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis by forming the VvMYBA2r‐VvMYCA1‐VvWDR1 complex”
t0“grape (Vitis spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
VvWDR1 enhanced anthocyanin accumulation by interacting with the VvMYBA2r–VvMYCA1 complex.
Verbatim
e0“VvWDR1 enhanced anthocyanin accumulation by interacting with the VvMYBA2r‐VvMYCA1 complex”
t0“grape (Vitis spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
R 44 L substitution abolished VvMYBA2w interaction with VvMYCA1.
Verbatim
e0“R 44 L substitution abolished the interaction of VvMYBA2w with VvMYCA1”
t0“grape (Vitis spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
R 44 L substitution and CA deletion impaired VvMYBA2w regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, with additive effects.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Gene
- VvMYBA2we0
- Outcome
- efficacy of VvMYBA2w to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesise0
- Qualifier
- the two non‐synonymous mutations were additive in their effectse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“both R 44 L substitution and CA dinucleotide deletion seriously affected the efficacy of VvMYBA2w to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis, and the two non‐synonymous mutations were additive in their effects”
t0“grape (Vitis spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark-skinned grape varieties tended to carry HapC-N and HapE2.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“dark‐skinned varieties tended to contain HapC‐N and HapE2”
t0“grape (Vitis spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Red-skinned grape varieties frequently carried HapB and HapC-Rs.
Verbatim
e0“red‐skinned varieties contained high frequencies of HapB and HapC‐Rs”
t0“grape (Vitis spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grape varieties with more functional alleles had darker skin.
Verbatim
e0“the higher the number of functional alleles present in a variety, the darker was the skin colour”
t0“grape (Vitis spp.)”
The same questions in other papers
overexpression · molecular: expression · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.