Abstract
Several potentially practical biochemical processes in plant systems still remain hidden, especially the NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) synthesis of nongenetic code-based RNA that optimizes crop nutritious yield by degrading superfluous genetic code-based RNA. In continued characterization of the biochemistry of cowpea grain yield, GDH was purified by electrophoresis from seeds of cowpea treated with solutions of stoichiometric mixes of mineral salts. The GDH was made to synthesize RNAs in the amination (α-KG/NADH/) and then in the deamination (L-Glu/NAD+) direction. The initial product RNAs were captured and sequenced. The grand challenge was to discover the specific molecular roles of the redox enzyme in the optimization of cowpea grain yields. In the amination direction, the GDH hexamers synthesized plus-RNA, but in the deamination direction, they synthesized minus-RNA. The plus-RNAs and minus-RNAs were homologous to about the same numbers of different mRNAs encoding the key enzymes that regulate photosynthesis; saccharide biochemistry and glycolysis; phenylpropanoid biosynthesis; nodulation nitrogen fixing processes; dehydrin drought and glutathione environmental stress resistance processes; purine, pyrimidine, DNA, RNA and essential amino acid biosynthesis; storage protein vicilin accumulation; isoflavone earliness of cowpea maturity; peroxidase synthesis of lignin and sequestration of CO2 to enrich soil organic carbon contents; triglyceride physiology in the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds that render cowpea resistant to insects and fungi; etc., all of which constitute the GDH chemical pathways for discrimination of biochemical, physiological, metabolic, genetic reactions; and optimization of cowpea dry grain yields. Each stoichiometric mix of mineral salts produced optimally yielding biochemical variant of purple hull cowpea; the K + K + K mix was spectacular because it increased the grain yield to 7598 kg from the 3644 kg·ha-1 in the control cowpea. Optimized nutritious staple crop yield buttresses food security. The synthesis of plus-RNA in amination and minus-RNA in deamination is an economic tactical plan in biochemistry for the selection of superfluous mRNAs that would be degraded to assure the survival of cowpea growing under unfavorable environmental conditions.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea GDH hexamers synthesized plus-RNA in the amination direction.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae1 - Gene
- GDHe0
- Outcome
- synthesized plus-RNAe0
- Qualifier
- amination directione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the amination direction, the GDH hexamers synthesized plus-RNA”
e1“In continued characterization of the biochemistry of cowpea grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea GDH hexamers synthesized minus-RNA in the deamination direction.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Gene
- GDHe1
- Outcome
- synthesized minus-RNAe0
- Qualifier
- deamination directione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the deamination direction, they synthesized minus-RNA”
e1“GDH hexamers”
e2“In continued characterization of the biochemistry of cowpea grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The plus-RNAs and minus-RNAs were homologous to about the same numbers of mRNAs encoding diverse biochemical enzymes.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Outcome
- homologous to about the same numbers of different mRNAse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plus-RNAs and minus-RNAs were homologous to about the same numbers of different mRNAs encoding the key enzymes that regulate photosynthesis; saccharide biochemistry and glycolysis; phenylpropanoid biosynthesis; nodulation nitrogen fixing processes; dehydrin drought and glutathione environmental stress resistance processes; purine, pyrimidine, DNA, RNA and essential amino acid biosynthesis; storage protein vicilin accumulation; isoflavone earliness of cowpea maturity; peroxidase synthesis of lignin and sequestration of CO2 to enrich soil organic carbon contents; triglyceride physiology in the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds that render cowpea resistant to insects and fungi”
e1“In continued characterization of the biochemistry of cowpea grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Each mineral salt mixture produced an optimally yielding purple hull cowpea biochemical variant.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Material
- purple hull cowpeae0
- Treatment
- Each stoichiometric mix of mineral saltse0
- Outcome
- optimally yielding biochemical variante0
- Direction
- optimally yieldinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Each stoichiometric mix of mineral salts produced optimally yielding biochemical variant of purple hull cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The K + K + K mineral salt mixture increased cowpea grain yield to 7598 kg from 3644 kg·ha-1 in controls.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- K + K + K mixe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7598 kge0
- Qualifier
- 3644 kg·ha-1e0
- Comparator
- control cowpeae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the K + K + K mix was spectacular because it increased the grain yield to 7598 kg from the 3644 kg·ha-1 in the control cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose plus-RNA and minus-RNA synthesis as a way to select superfluous mRNAs for degradation under unfavorable conditions.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- survival of cowpea growing under unfavorable environmental conditionse0
- Qualifier
- selection of superfluous mRNAs that would be degradede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The synthesis of plus-RNA in amination and minus-RNA in deamination is an economic tactical plan in biochemistry for the selection of superfluous mRNAs that would be degraded to assure the survival of cowpea growing under unfavorable environmental conditions”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.