Abstract
Citric acid (CA) can regulate the balance of anions and cations in plants, and improve their resistance to heavy metals. It is not clear if foliar application with CA has any effect on migration of Cd and Mn in rice plant. In this work, a low-Cd-accumulating indica rice line (P7) and a high-Cd-accumulating line (HZ) were used to investigate the influence of CA on the transport of Cd and Mn as well as amino acid metabolism in grains. Content of Cd in grains and other organs increased with the increase of Cd content (0.1–2.4 mg kg−1) in soil, while decreased with the foliar application with CA. With the increase of Cd content in rice grains, the content of most amino acids in HZ, P7, HZ + CA and P7 + CA showed an obvious decline trend. Foliar application with CA efficiently raised the Mn:Cd ratio in grains and nodes of both HZ and P7. Meanwhile, the expression levels of OsNramp2, 3 and 5 in panicles were efficiently enhanced by CA application when plants grew in soil with Cd content of 0.6–2.4 mg kg−1. The increasing effect of CA on the content of 4 amino acids (i.e., Glu, Phe, Thr and Ala) in grains was related to varieties and Cd pollution. These results indicate that foliar application with CA can regulate the transport of Cd and Mn in the opposite directions in tissues and inhibit Cd accumulation in grains by enhancing expression of OsNRAMP 2, 3 or 5 and triggering the defense response of some amino acids in Cd-contaminated environment.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Grain and other organ Cd content increased with soil Cd content.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Outcome
- Content of Cd in grains and other organse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 0.1–2.4 mg kg−1e0
- Setting
- soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Content of Cd in grains and other organs increased with the increase of Cd content (0.1–2.4 mg kg−1) in soil”
e1“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar citric acid decreased Cd content in grains and other organs.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- foliar application with CAe0
- Outcome
- Content of Cd in grains and other organse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Content of Cd in grains and other organs increased with the increase of Cd content (0.1–2.4 mg kg−1) in soil, while decreased with the foliar application with CA.”
e1“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Most grain amino acids declined as grain Cd content increased across the rice lines and citric acid conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- HZ, P7, HZ + CA and P7 + CAe0
- Outcome
- content of most amino acidse0
- Direction
- declinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the increase of Cd content in rice grains, the content of most amino acids in HZ, P7, HZ + CA and P7 + CA showed an obvious decline trend.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar CA raised the Mn:Cd ratio in grains and nodes in both rice lines.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- HZ and P7e0
- Treatment
- Foliar application with CAe0
- Outcome
- Mn:Cd ratio in grains and nodese0
- Direction
- raisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application with CA efficiently raised the Mn:Cd ratio in grains and nodes of both HZ and P7.”
e1“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
CA enhanced OsNramp2, 3 and 5 expression in panicles under soil Cd of 0.6–2.4 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- CA applicatione0
- Gene
- OsNramp2, 3 and 5e0
- Outcome
- expression levels of OsNramp2, 3 and 5 in paniclese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- 0.6–2.4 mg kg−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression levels of OsNramp2, 3 and 5 in panicles were efficiently enhanced by CA application when plants grew in soil with Cd content of 0.6–2.4 mg kg−1.”
e1“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in four grain amino acids with CA depended on variety and Cd pollution.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- CAe0
- Outcome
- content of 4 amino acids (i.e., Glu, Phe, Thr and Ala) in grainse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- varieties and Cd pollutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increasing effect of CA on the content of 4 amino acids (i.e., Glu, Phe, Thr and Ala) in grains was related to varieties and Cd pollution.”
e1“rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that CA limits grain Cd by enhancing OsNRAMP expression and amino acid defense responses.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- foliar application with CAe0
- Gene
- OsNRAMP 2, 3 or 5e0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation in grainse0
- Qualifier
- defense response of some amino acidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application with CA can regulate the transport of Cd and Mn in the opposite directions in tissues and inhibit Cd accumulation in grains by enhancing expression of OsNRAMP 2, 3 or 5 and triggering the defense response of some amino acids in Cd-contaminated environment.”
e1“rice plant”
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See all 222 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.