Abstract
Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice is a global environmental problem. Therefore, reducing Cd content in rice is of great significance for ensuring food security and human health. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of foliar application of citric acid (CA) on Cd absorption and transportation in rice under high Cd-contaminated soils (2.04 mg·kg−1). This study revealed that there was a negative correlation between Cd content in vegetative organs and CA content, and that foliar spraying of CA (1 mM and 5 mM) significantly increased CA content and reduced Cd content in vegetative organs. The Cd reduction effect of 5 mM CA was better than that of 1 mM, and 5 mM CA reduced Cd content in grains and spikes by 52% and 37%, respectively. CA significantly increased Mn content in vegetative organs and increased Ca/Mn ratios in spikes, flag leaves, and roots. CA significantly reduced soluble Cd content in vegetative organs and promoted the transformation of Cd into insoluble Cd, thus inhibiting the transport of Cd from vegetative organs to grains. The foliar field application of 1 mM and 5 mM CA could inhibit Cd absorption and transportation by reducing Cd bioactivity and increasing the antagonistic of essential elements in rice vegetative organs. These results provide technical support and a theoretical basis for solving the problem of excessive Cd in rice.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar citric acid at 1 mM and 5 mM significantly reduced Cd content in rice vegetative organs.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- vegetative organse1
- Treatment
- foliar spraying of CA (1 mM and 5 mM)e1
- Outcome
- Cd content in vegetative organse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice is a global environmental problem”
e1“foliar spraying of CA (1 mM and 5 mM) significantly increased CA content and reduced Cd content in vegetative organs”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar citric acid at 1 mM and 5 mM significantly increased citric acid content in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying of CA (1 mM and 5 mM)e1
- Outcome
- CA contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice is a global environmental problem”
e1“foliar spraying of CA (1 mM and 5 mM) significantly increased CA content and reduced Cd content in vegetative organs”
Claim · model-written summary
5 mM citric acid reduced Cd content in rice grains by 52%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- grainse2
- Treatment
- 5 mM CAe2
- Outcome
- Cd contente2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 52%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice is a global environmental problem”
e2“5 mM CA reduced Cd content in grains and spikes by 52% and 37%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
5 mM citric acid reduced Cd content in rice spikes by 37%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- spikese2
- Treatment
- 5 mM CAe2
- Outcome
- Cd contente2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 37%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice is a global environmental problem”
e2“5 mM CA reduced Cd content in grains and spikes by 52% and 37%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The Cd reduction effect of 5 mM citric acid was better than that of 1 mM.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 5 mM CAe3
- Outcome
- Cd reduction effecte3
- Direction
- bettere3
- Comparator
- 1 mMe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice is a global environmental problem”
e3“The Cd reduction effect of 5 mM CA was better than that of 1 mM”
Claim · model-written summary
Citric acid significantly increased Mn content in rice vegetative organs.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative organse4
- Treatment
- CAe4
- Outcome
- Mn contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice is a global environmental problem”
e4“CA significantly increased Mn content in vegetative organs and increased Ca/Mn ratios in spikes, flag leaves, and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Citric acid increased the Ca/Mn ratio in rice spikes, flag leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- spikes, flag leaves, and rootse4
- Treatment
- CAe4
- Outcome
- Ca/Mn ratiose4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice is a global environmental problem”
e4“CA significantly increased Mn content in vegetative organs and increased Ca/Mn ratios in spikes, flag leaves, and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Citric acid significantly reduced soluble Cd content in rice vegetative organs.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative organse5
- Treatment
- CAe5
- Outcome
- soluble Cd contente5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice is a global environmental problem”
e5“CA significantly reduced soluble Cd content in vegetative organs and promoted the transformation of Cd into insoluble Cd, thus inhibiting the transport of Cd from vegetative organs to grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Citric acid promoted the transformation of Cd into insoluble Cd in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- CAe5
- Outcome
- transformation of Cd into insoluble Cde5
- Direction
- promotede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice is a global environmental problem”
e5“CA significantly reduced soluble Cd content in vegetative organs and promoted the transformation of Cd into insoluble Cd, thus inhibiting the transport of Cd from vegetative organs to grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Citric acid inhibited the transport of Cd from rice vegetative organs to grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- CAe5
- Outcome
- transport of Cd from vegetative organs to grainse5
- Direction
- inhibitinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice is a global environmental problem”
e5“CA significantly reduced soluble Cd content in vegetative organs and promoted the transformation of Cd into insoluble Cd, thus inhibiting the transport of Cd from vegetative organs to grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd content in rice vegetative organs was negatively correlated with citric acid content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative organse6
- Outcome
- Cd content in vegetative organse6
- Direction
- negative correlatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice is a global environmental problem”
e6“there was a negative correlation between Cd content in vegetative organs and CA content”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar citric acid is suggested to inhibit Cd absorption and transport in rice by reducing Cd bioactivity and increasing antagonism of essential elements.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- foliar field application of 1 mM and 5 mM CAe7
- Outcome
- Cd absorption and transportatione7
- Qualifier
- reducing Cd bioactivity and increasing the antagonistic of essential elementse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice is a global environmental problem”
e7“The foliar field application of 1 mM and 5 mM CA could inhibit Cd absorption and transportation by reducing Cd bioactivity and increasing the antagonistic of essential elements in rice vegetative organs”
The same questions in other papers
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211 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 222 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.