Abstract
In order to achieve optimal plant growth and production, essential nutrients must be readily available in adequate quantities and in a balanced proportion to give a good yield, especially broccoli which has health benefits that may not be found in many other plants. For this purpose, this experiment was carried out during the seasons 2019/2020 in the botanical garden of the Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, to study the effects of nitrogen and sulphur and their interaction on eight parameters reflecting the overall traits of vegetative growth, yield, and chlorophyll content of broccoli Brassica oleracea L. (var. italic JASSMINE F1 Hybrid). A factorial design with three replicates was used, each with 7 plants treated via foliar spraying. The first factor included three groups; control N0 (distill water spray), N1 (500 mg.l-1 nitrogen), and N2 (1000 mg.l-1 nitrogen). The second factor also included three groups; control S0 (distill water spray), S1 (500 mg.l-1 sulfur), and S2 (1000 mg.l-1 sulfur). We used Urea (CO(NH2)2) as a nitrogen source and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) as a sulfur source. As for the treatment with nitrogen, the results revealed that N2 treatment caused the significantly highest values in all the studied traits, except for the plant height, where there was no significant difference between N1 and N2. As related to the treatment with sulphur, the results showed that S2 treatment resulted in the significantly highest values of leave area, leave dry weight, and root fresh weight. S2 also caused the highest values, but with no significant differences, of plant height, stem diameter and chlorophyll content index. S1 treatment, on the other hand, caused insignificantly higher values of leave number per plant and main curd weight. Based on the results of the interaction between nitrogen and sulfur, S1N2 treatment resulted in the significantly highest values as compared to all other treatments of all the studied traits, except for the plant height, root fresh weight, and main curd weight. The results presented here may facilitate improvements of Broccoli cultivation with suitable nutrient concentrations for sustainable agriculture. In conclusion, the present study comes up with the following: nitrogen and sulfur and their interaction enhance significantly the growth and production of broccoli.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
N2 gave significantly highest values for studied traits apart from height.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae0e1e2e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N2 treatment caused the significantly highest values in all the studied traits, except for the plant height”
e1“N2 (1000 mg.l-1 nitrogen)”
e2“control N0 (distill water spray)”
e3“vegetative growth, yield, and chlorophyll content of broccoli Brassica oleracea L. (var. italic JASSMINE F1 Hybrid)”
Claim · model-written summary
Height did not differ significantly between N1 and N2.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant difference between N1 and N2”
e1“plant height, where there was no significant difference between N1 and N2”
e2“broccoli Brassica oleracea L. (var. italic JASSMINE F1 Hybrid)”
Claim · model-written summary
S2 significantly maximized leaf area, leaf dry weight and root fresh weight.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S2 treatment resulted in the significantly highest values of leave area, leave dry weight, and root fresh weight”
e1“S2 (1000 mg.l-1 sulfur)”
e2“broccoli Brassica oleracea L. (var. italic JASSMINE F1 Hybrid)”
Claim · model-written summary
S2 gave nonsignificantly highest plant height, stem diameter and chlorophyll index.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S2 also caused the highest values, but with no significant differences, of plant height, stem diameter and chlorophyll content index”
e1“S2 (1000 mg.l-1 sulfur)”
e2“broccoli Brassica oleracea L. (var. italic JASSMINE F1 Hybrid)”
Claim · model-written summary
S1 gave insignificantly higher leaf number and curd weight.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S1 treatment, on the other hand, caused insignificantly higher values of leave number per plant and main curd weight”
e1“S1 (500 mg.l-1 sulfur)”
e2“broccoli Brassica oleracea L. (var. italic JASSMINE F1 Hybrid)”
Claim · model-written summary
S1N2 had significantly highest studied traits except plant height, root fresh weight and curd weight.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S1N2 treatment resulted in the significantly highest values as compared to all other treatments of all the studied traits, except for the plant height, root fresh weight, and main curd weight”
e1“broccoli Brassica oleracea L. (var. italic JASSMINE F1 Hybrid)”
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