Abstract
Abstract The objectives of this two-year field experiment were (1) to study the effect of irrigation frequency and irrigation amount on the root characteristics of drip-irrigated spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and (2) to determine the relationship between these root characteristics and aboveground biomass and yield. A split-plot design was used with two wheat cultivars (Xinchun 6 and Xinchun 22). The irrigation treatments consisted of three irrigation intervals (D 1, 13 d; D 2 , 10 d; and D 3 , 7 d) and three water amounts (W1, 3750 m 3 /ha; W2, 6000 m 3 /ha; and W3, 8250 m 3 /ha). The results showed that root length density (RLD) and root weight density (RWD) were greater at 0–20 cm than at 20–40 cm at flowering. The RLD was greater in D1 and D2 than in D3 in the shallow soil layer and did not differ among the treatments with different irrigation frequencies in deep soil. The RLD at the 0–20 cm depth of W3 was 17.9% greater than that of W2 and 53.8% greater than that of W1, and the RLD trend was opposite at the 20–40 cm depth. The root–shoot ratio was significantly higher in D2 than in the other treatment, whereas the RLD, RWD, leaf Pn and LAI were significantly greater in D3. Leaf Pn and LAI both increased as the irrigation amount increased. Regression analysis showed a natural logarithmic relationship between RWD and aboveground biomass (R 2 > 0.60, P < 0.05) and binomial relationships of the RWD at 0–20 cm depth (R 2 = 0.43, P < 0.05) and the RLD at 20–40 cm depth (R 2 = 0.34, P < 0.05) with grain yield. We found that with the optimum irrigation amount (W2), increasing drip irrigation frequency can increase wheat root length and root weight and aboveground biomass accumulation, thereby improving yield and water use efficiency.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
In drip-irrigated spring wheat, root length density and root weight density were greater at 0-20 cm than at 20-40 cm soil depth at flowering.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- root length density (RLD) and root weight density (RWD)e0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- at floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“root length density (RLD) and root weight density (RWD) were greater at 0–20 cm than at 20–40 cm at flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
In the shallow soil layer, root length density was greater under the D1 and D2 irrigation intervals than under D3.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- D1 and D2e0
- Outcome
- RLDe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- D3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“The RLD was greater in D1 and D2 than in D3 in the shallow soil layer”
Claim · model-written summary
In deep soil, root length density did not differ among treatments with different irrigation frequencies.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- different irrigation frequenciese0
- Outcome
- RLDe0
- Direction
- did not differe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“The RLD was greater in D1 and D2 than in D3 in the shallow soil layer and did not differ among the treatments with different irrigation frequencies in deep soil”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0-20 cm depth, root length density under the W3 water amount was 17.9% greater than under W2.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- W3e0
- Outcome
- RLDe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 17.9%e0
- Qualifier
- 0–20 cm depthe0
- Comparator
- W2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“The RLD at the 0–20 cm depth of W3 was 17.9% greater than that of W2”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0-20 cm depth, root length density under the W3 water amount was 53.8% greater than under W1.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- W3e0
- Outcome
- RLDe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 53.8%e0
- Qualifier
- 0–20 cm depthe0
- Comparator
- W1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“The RLD at the 0–20 cm depth of W3 was 17.9% greater than that of W2 and 53.8% greater than that of W1”
Claim · model-written summary
At 20-40 cm depth the root length density trend across water amounts was opposite to that at 0-20 cm.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- W3e0
- Outcome
- RLD trende0
- Direction
- oppositee0
- Qualifier
- 20–40 cm depthe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“The RLD at the 0–20 cm depth of W3 was 17.9% greater than that of W2 and 53.8% greater than that of W1, and the RLD trend was opposite at the 20–40 cm depth”
Claim · model-written summary
The root-shoot ratio was significantly higher under D2 than under the other treatment.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- D2e0
- Outcome
- root–shoot ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“The root–shoot ratio was significantly higher in D2 than in the other treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length density and root weight density were significantly greater under D3.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- D3e0
- Outcome
- RLD, RWDe0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“the RLD, RWD, leaf Pn and LAI were significantly greater in D3”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf Pn and LAI were significantly greater under D3.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- D3e0
- Outcome
- leaf Pn and LAIe0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“the RLD, RWD, leaf Pn and LAI were significantly greater in D3”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf Pn and LAI both increased as the irrigation amount increased.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- irrigation amounte0
- Outcome
- Leaf Pn and LAIe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“Leaf Pn and LAI both increased as the irrigation amount increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Regression showed a natural logarithmic relationship between root weight density and aboveground biomass (R2 > 0.60, P < 0.05).
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- RWDe0
- Outcome
- aboveground biomasse0
- Value
- R 2 > 0.60e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“Regression analysis showed a natural logarithmic relationship between RWD and aboveground biomass (R 2 > 0.60, P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root weight density at 0-20 cm depth had a binomial relationship with grain yield (R2 = 0.43, P < 0.05).
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- RWDe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Value
- R 2 = 0.43e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“binomial relationships of the RWD at 0–20 cm depth (R 2 = 0.43, P < 0.05) and the RLD at 20–40 cm depth (R 2 = 0.34, P < 0.05) with grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length density at 20-40 cm depth had a binomial relationship with grain yield (R2 = 0.34, P < 0.05).
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- RLDe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Value
- R 2 = 0.34e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring wheat”
e0“binomial relationships of the RWD at 0–20 cm depth (R 2 = 0.43, P < 0.05) and the RLD at 20–40 cm depth (R 2 = 0.34, P < 0.05) with grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
With the optimum irrigation amount (W2), increasing drip irrigation frequency can increase wheat root length and root weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing drip irrigation frequencye0
- Outcome
- wheat root length and root weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- optimum irrigation amount (W2)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the optimum irrigation amount (W2), increasing drip irrigation frequency can increase wheat root length and root weight and aboveground biomass accumulation, thereby improving yield and water use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
With the optimum irrigation amount (W2), increasing drip irrigation frequency can increase wheat aboveground biomass accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing drip irrigation frequencye0
- Outcome
- aboveground biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- optimum irrigation amount (W2)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the optimum irrigation amount (W2), increasing drip irrigation frequency can increase wheat root length and root weight and aboveground biomass accumulation, thereby improving yield and water use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
With the optimum irrigation amount (W2), increasing drip irrigation frequency improved wheat yield and water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing drip irrigation frequencye0
- Outcome
- yield and water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Qualifier
- optimum irrigation amount (W2)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the optimum irrigation amount (W2), increasing drip irrigation frequency can increase wheat root length and root weight and aboveground biomass accumulation, thereby improving yield and water use efficiency”
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See all 303 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.