Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Ssp. Sesquipedalis Verdc.)

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out during Rabi season of 2018-19 to evaluate the effect of various sources of nutrients including organic, inorganic and biofertilizers on growth and yield of Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) cv. Arka Mangala. As regards the Gowth parameters the maximum vine length (2.61m), number of primary branches (7.60), terminal leaf length (16.57 cm), number of nodes per plant (19.37), were reported by application of 75% RDN through inorganic + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB). In respect of yield per hectare and over all yield contributing factors, such as number of cluster per plant (48.30), pods per cluster (3.93), pod length (62.08 cm), pod girth (24.87 cm), pod yield (14.26t/ha) and seeds per pod (15.06) recorded significantly higher in the treatment of 75% RDN through inorganic+25% RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB). Thus growth and yield may be improved by integrated use of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients.

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Claims 11

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A 75% inorganic RDN plus biofertilizer treatment gave maximum vine length of 2.61m.

Taxon: Yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalise1
Material: Arka Mangalae1
Treatment: 75% RDN through inorganic + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e0
Interactor: RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Outcome: vine lengthe0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 2.61me0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis* · TaxonDavid · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

*Rhizobium* · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“maximum vine length (2.61m), number of primary branches (7.60), terminal leaf length (16.57 cm), number of nodes per plant (19.37), were reported by application of 75% RDN through inorganic + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 305–529 · show in text ↑

e1
“Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) cv. Arka Mangala”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 198–267 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment gave maximum primary branch number of 7.60.

Taxon: Yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalise1
Treatment: 75% RDN through inorganic + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e0
Outcome: number of primary branchese0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 7.60e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“maximum vine length (2.61m), number of primary branches (7.60), terminal leaf length (16.57 cm), number of nodes per plant (19.37), were reported by application of 75% RDN through inorganic + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 305–529 · show in text ↑

e1
“Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) cv. Arka Mangala”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 198–267 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment gave terminal leaf length of 16.57 cm.

Taxon: Yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalise1
Treatment: 75% RDN through inorganic + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e0
Outcome: terminal leaf lengthe0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 16.57 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“maximum vine length (2.61m), number of primary branches (7.60), terminal leaf length (16.57 cm), number of nodes per plant (19.37), were reported by application of 75% RDN through inorganic + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 305–529 · show in text ↑

e1
“Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) cv. Arka Mangala”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 198–267 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment gave 19.37 nodes per plant.

Taxon: Yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalise1
Treatment: 75% RDN through inorganic + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e0
Outcome: number of nodes per plante0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 19.37e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“maximum vine length (2.61m), number of primary branches (7.60), terminal leaf length (16.57 cm), number of nodes per plant (19.37), were reported by application of 75% RDN through inorganic + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 305–529 · show in text ↑

e1
“Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) cv. Arka Mangala”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 198–267 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined inorganic, vermicompost and biofertilizer treatment gave significantly higher 48.30 clusters per plant.

Taxon: Yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalise1
Treatment: 75% RDN through inorganic+25% RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e0
Outcome: number of cluster per plante0
Direction: highere0
Value: 48.30e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“number of cluster per plant (48.30), pods per cluster (3.93), pod length (62.08 cm), pod girth (24.87 cm), pod yield (14.26t/ha) and seeds per pod (15.06) recorded significantly higher in the treatment of 75% RDN through inorganic+25% RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 612–906 · show in text ↑

e1
“Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) cv. Arka Mangala”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 198–267 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined nutrient treatment gave significantly higher 3.93 pods per cluster.

Taxon: Yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalise1
Treatment: 75% RDN through inorganic+25% RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e0
Outcome: pods per clustere0
Direction: highere0
Value: 3.93e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“pods per cluster (3.93), pod length (62.08 cm), pod girth (24.87 cm), pod yield (14.26t/ha) and seeds per pod (15.06) recorded significantly higher in the treatment of 75% RDN through inorganic+25% RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 649–906 · show in text ↑

e1
“Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) cv. Arka Mangala”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 198–267 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined nutrient treatment gave significantly higher pod length of 62.08 cm.

Taxon: Yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalise1
Treatment: 75% RDN through inorganic+25% RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e0
Outcome: pod lengthe0
Direction: highere0
Value: 62.08 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“pod length (62.08 cm), pod girth (24.87 cm), pod yield (14.26t/ha) and seeds per pod (15.06) recorded significantly higher in the treatment of 75% RDN through inorganic+25% RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 674–906 · show in text ↑

e1
“Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) cv. Arka Mangala”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 198–267 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined nutrient treatment gave significantly higher pod girth of 24.87 cm.

Taxon: Yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalise1
Treatment: 75% RDN through inorganic+25% RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e0
Outcome: pod girthe0
Direction: highere0
Value: 24.87 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“pod girth (24.87 cm), pod yield (14.26t/ha) and seeds per pod (15.06) recorded significantly higher in the treatment of 75% RDN through inorganic+25% RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 697–906 · show in text ↑

e1
“Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) cv. Arka Mangala”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 198–267 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined nutrient treatment gave significantly higher pod yield of 14.26t/ha.

Taxon: Yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalise1
Treatment: 75% RDN through inorganic+25% RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e0
Outcome: pod yielde0
Direction: highere0
Value: 14.26t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“pod yield (14.26t/ha) and seeds per pod (15.06) recorded significantly higher in the treatment of 75% RDN through inorganic+25% RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 719–906 · show in text ↑

e1
“Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) cv. Arka Mangala”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 198–267 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined nutrient treatment gave significantly higher 15.06 seeds per pod.

Taxon: Yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalise1
Treatment: 75% RDN through inorganic+25% RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e0
Outcome: seeds per pode0
Direction: highere0
Value: 15.06e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“seeds per pod (15.06) recorded significantly higher in the treatment of 75% RDN through inorganic+25% RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 745–906 · show in text ↑

e1
“Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) cv. Arka Mangala”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 198–267 · show in text ↑

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend integrated organic and inorganic nutrients to improve growth and yield.

Taxon: Yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalise1
Outcome: integrated use of organic and inorganic sources of nutrientse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Thus growth and yield may be improved by integrated use of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 908–1010 · show in text ↑

e1
“Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) cv. Arka Mangala”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 198–267 · show in text ↑

Rhizobium · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

29 papers: 26 positive, 3 negative or no effect

25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Rhizobium inoculation did not significantly affect biomass partitioning coefficients.
Effect of Rhizobium Sp. Inoculation on N₂-Fixing and Photosynthetic Activities of Two Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Genotypes · 1999
Opposite direction
negative
Rhizobium inoculated 15 days before the test pathogen significantly reduced cowpea plant growth compared with inoculation 15 days after the pathogen.
Effect of Individual, Concomitant and Sequential Inoculations of Rhizobium, Rotylenchulus Reniformis, Meloidogyne Incognita and Rhizoctonia Solani on Cowpea Plant Growth, Disease Development and Nematode Multiplication · 1988 · compared with inoculation 15 days after the test pathogen
Opposite direction
no effect
Conventional and reduced-input cowpeas did not differ in root and shoot dry weights, shoot:root ratio, nodulation, nitrogen concentration, or seed yield.
Root Characteristics and Seed Yields of Cowpeas Grown with and without Added Nitrogen Fertilizer · 1999 · compared with conventional
No difference from an alternative

25 papers more in this group

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Rhizobium · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree

47 papers: 47 positive, 0 negative or no effect

46 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Rhizobium + PSB significantly increased cowpea yield attributes over control.
Effect of Vermicompost and Biofertilizers on Yield Attributes and Nutrient Content and it’s their Uptake of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp.] · 2017 · compared with control
Same direction
positive
Rhizobium inoculation produced the highest grain yield of 1441 kg/ha.
Effect of Bio Fertilizer and Fertility Levels on Yield, Protein Content and Nutrient Uptake of Cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] · 2011 · compared with rest of the treatments
Same direction
positive
Combined Rhizobium and PSB inoculation increased cowpea growth and yield versus single inoculants.
Influence of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in acidic soil of NEH region of India · 2017 · compared with single inoculation of Rhizobium and PSB
Same direction

43 papers more in this group

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inoculation · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ

116 papers: 99 positive, 17 negative or no effect

98 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Virus-inoculated cowpea had significantly lower growth and yield than buffer controls.
Interactions of viruses in Cowpea: effects on growth and yield parameters. · 2007 · compared with buffer inoculated control plants
Opposite direction
negative
Time of CPSMV inoculation had the most profound impact on cowpea yield.
Effect ofCowpea severe mosaic viruson Crop Growth Characteristics and Yield of Cowpea · 2005
Opposite direction
no effect
Inoculation of cowpea with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alone gave no significant increase in shoot biomass or yield, whatever the soil type.
Response of Cowpea to Symbiotic Microorganisms Inoculation (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobium) in Cultivated Soils in Senegal · 2015
Opposite direction

112 papers more in this group

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inoculation · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

102 papers: 92 positive, 10 negative or no effect

91 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

98 papers more in this group

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fertilization · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

143 papers: 131 positive, 12 negative or no effect

130 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Nitrogen fertilizer did not significantly affect plant branching.
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield contributing character, biomass yield and nutritive value of cowpea forage · 1970
Opposite direction
no effect
Some cowpea varieties maintained similar biomass with and without phosphorus fertilizer.
Harnessing Phosphorous (P) Fertilizer-Insensitive Bacteria to Enhance Rhizosphere P Bioavailability in Legumes · 2024 · compared with without P fertilization
Opposite direction
no effect
Adding lysine and threonine together did not inhibit cowpea seedling growth.
Inhibition of Cowpea Seedling Growth by Methionine Analogs¹ · 1978
Opposite direction

139 papers more in this group

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fertilization · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

292 papers: 275 positive, 17 negative or no effect

274 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Inorganic fertilizers with vermicompost raised cowpea seed yield above the control in 2012.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on seed yield and quality in cowpea · 2015 · compared with control
Same directionCited by this paper
no effect
Baglog compost mixed with cow manure had no significant effect on stem diameter, pod number and pod length.
Respon Pemberian Campuran Kompos Baglog Dengan Pupuk Kandang Sapi dan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Kacang Panjang (Vigna sinensis L.). · 2020
Opposite direction
negative
62 Mg ha−1 manure decreased cowpea grain and biomass yield.
Cattle manure and intercropping effects on soil properties and growth and yield of pearl millet and cowpea in Namibia · 2019
Opposite direction

288 papers more in this group

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 11

The same questions in other papers

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Rhizobium · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree

inoculation · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ

inoculation · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

fertilization · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

fertilization · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results