Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are often considered bioameliorators. AMF can promote plant growth under various stressful conditions; however, differences between male and female clones in mycorrhizal strategies that protect plants from the detrimental effects of salinity are not well studied. In this study, we aimed to examine the interactive effects of salinity and AMF on the growth, photosynthetic traits, nutrient uptake, and biochemical responses of Morus alba males and females. In a factorial setup, male and female M. alba clones were subjected to three salinity regimes (0, 50, and 200 mM NaCl) and planted in soil with or without Funneliformis mosseae inoculation. The results showed that NaCl alone conferred negative effects on the growth, salinity tolerance, photosynthetic performance, and shoot and root ionic ratios (K + /Na + , Ca 2+ /Na + , and Mg 2+ /Na + ) in both sexes; in contrast, mycorrhizal inoculation mitigated the detrimental effects of salinity. Furthermore, the mycorrhizal effects were closely correlated with Mn 2+ , proline, and N concentrations. Females benefited more from AMF inoculation as shown by the enhancements in their biomass accumulation, and N, proline, K + , Mg 2+ , Fe 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Mn 2+ concentrations than males with mycorrhizal inoculation under saline conditions. In comparison, male plants inoculated with AMF showed improvements in biomass allocated to the roots, P, and peroxidase concentrations under saline conditions. These sex-specific differences suggest that male and female mulberry clones adopted different mycorrhizal strategies when growing under saline conditions. Overall, our results provide insight into the sex-specific difference in the performance of AMF-associated mulberry clones, suggesting that female mulberry could be more suitable for vegetation remediation than the male one, due to its higher salinity tolerance.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl alone negatively affected growth, salinity tolerance and photosynthesis in both sexes.
- Taxon
- Mulberryt0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- growth, salinity tolerance, photosynthetic performancee0
- Direction
- negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“NaCl alone conferred negative effects on the growth, salinity tolerance, photosynthetic performance, and shoot and root ionic ratios (K + /Na + , Ca 2+ /Na + , and Mg 2+ /Na + ) in both sexes”
t0“Mulberry Clones”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl alone negatively affected shoot and root ionic ratios in both sexes.
- Taxon
- Mulberryt0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- shoot and root ionic ratios (K + /Na + , Ca 2+ /Na + , and Mg 2+ /Na + )e0
- Direction
- negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“NaCl alone conferred negative effects on the growth, salinity tolerance, photosynthetic performance, and shoot and root ionic ratios (K + /Na + , Ca 2+ /Na + , and Mg 2+ /Na + ) in both sexes”
t0“Mulberry Clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation mitigated salinity damage.
- Taxon
- Mulberryt0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Funneliformis mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee1symbiont - Outcome
- detrimental effects of salinitye0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal inoculation mitigated the detrimental effects of salinity”
t0“Mulberry Clones”
e1“planted in soil with or without Funneliformis mosseae inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal effects correlated with Mn, proline and N concentrations.
- Taxon
- Mulberryt0
- Interactor
- Funneliformis mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee1symbiont
- Compound
- Mn 2+ , proline, and Ne0
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal effectse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mycorrhizal effects were closely correlated with Mn 2+ , proline, and N concentrations”
t0“Mulberry Clones”
e1“planted in soil with or without Funneliformis mosseae inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Females gained more biomass from AMF under salinity than males.
Verbatim
e0“Females benefited more from AMF inoculation as shown by the enhancements in their biomass accumulation, and N, proline, K + , Mg 2+ , Fe 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Mn 2+ concentrations than males with mycorrhizal inoculation under saline conditions”
t0“Mulberry Clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Females had greater enhancements in N, proline and K concentrations under AMF and salinity.
Verbatim
e0“Females benefited more from AMF inoculation as shown by the enhancements in their biomass accumulation, and N, proline, K + , Mg 2+ , Fe 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Mn 2+ concentrations than males with mycorrhizal inoculation under saline conditions”
t0“Mulberry Clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Females had greater enhancements in Mg, Fe and Zn concentrations under AMF and salinity.
Verbatim
e0“Females benefited more from AMF inoculation as shown by the enhancements in their biomass accumulation, and N, proline, K + , Mg 2+ , Fe 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Mn 2+ concentrations than males with mycorrhizal inoculation under saline conditions”
t0“Mulberry Clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Females had greater Mn concentration enhancement under AMF and salinity.
Verbatim
e0“Females benefited more from AMF inoculation as shown by the enhancements in their biomass accumulation, and N, proline, K + , Mg 2+ , Fe 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Mn 2+ concentrations than males with mycorrhizal inoculation under saline conditions”
t0“Mulberry Clones”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF improved root biomass allocation in males under salinity.
- Taxon
- Mulberryt0
- Treatment
- inoculated with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- biomass allocated to the rootse0
- Direction
- improvementse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“male plants inoculated with AMF showed improvements in biomass allocated to the roots, P, and peroxidase concentrations under saline conditions”
t0“Mulberry Clones”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF improved P and peroxidase concentrations in males under salinity.
- Taxon
- Mulberryt0
- Treatment
- inoculated with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- P, and peroxidase concentrationse0
- Direction
- improvementse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“male plants inoculated with AMF showed improvements in biomass allocated to the roots, P, and peroxidase concentrations under saline conditions”
t0“Mulberry Clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest female mulberry for vegetation remediation because of higher salinity tolerance.
Verbatim
e0“female mulberry could be more suitable for vegetation remediation than the male one, due to its higher salinity tolerance”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.