Abstract
This study investigated how nitrogen rates and irrigation regimes and their interactions affect grain yield and quality of rice, which would have great significance in conducting the cultivation for high yielding, good quality and high efficiency. Two rice cultivars, Liangyoupeijiu (indica) and Yangjing 4038 (japonica), were grown in the tanks filled with soil. Three irrigation regimes, conventional irrigation (CI), alternate irrigation with wetting and moderate drying (WMD) and alternate irrigation with wetting and severe drying (WSD), and three nitrogen (N) rates, 0N (0 kg ha –1 ), medium amount of N (MN, 240 kg ha–1 ), and high amount of N (HN, 360 kg ha–1 ), were used during the whole growing season. The results showed that, at either MN or HN rate, grain yield, head rice, apparant quality, and breakdown were significantly higher or better under the WMD regime than under the CI regime. At the MN rate, the WSD regime significantly decreased grain yield and quality as compared with the CI regime. At the HN rate, however, the grain yield was higher under the WSD regime than under the CI regime and grain quality showed no significant difference between the two irrigation regimes. The WMD regime significantly increased photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf, activity of adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) in grains and contents of indole-3-acetic acid, zeatin + zeatin riboside, and abscisic acid in roots during grain filling. All the data indicate that interactions between nitrogen rates and irrigation regimes mediate the grain yield and quality of rice. Stronger root activity, greater leaf photosynthetic rate and larger sink strength contribute to higher grain yield and better grain quality of rice under the MN rate and WMD regime.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
At MN or HN rate, grain yield was higher under WMD than under CI irrigation
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- WMD regimee1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- at either MN or HN ratee1
- Comparator
- CI regimee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain Yield and Quality of Rice”
e1“at either MN or HN rate, grain yield, head rice, apparant quality, and breakdown were significantly higher or better under the WMD regime than under the CI regime”
Claim · model-written summary
At MN or HN rate, head rice, apparent quality and breakdown were higher or better under WMD than under CI irrigation
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- WMD regimee1
- Outcome
- head rice, apparant quality, and breakdowne1
- Direction
- higher or bettere1
- Qualifier
- at either MN or HN ratee1
- Comparator
- CI regimee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain Yield and Quality of Rice”
e1“at either MN or HN rate, grain yield, head rice, apparant quality, and breakdown were significantly higher or better under the WMD regime than under the CI regime”
Claim · model-written summary
At MN rate, WSD irrigation significantly decreased grain yield and quality compared with CI
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- WSD regimee2
- Outcome
- grain yield and qualitye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- At the MN ratee2
- Comparator
- CI regimee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain Yield and Quality of Rice”
e2“At the MN rate, the WSD regime significantly decreased grain yield and quality as compared with the CI regime”
Claim · model-written summary
At HN rate, grain yield was higher under WSD than under CI irrigation
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- WSD regimee3
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- highere3
- Qualifier
- At the HN ratee3
- Comparator
- CI regimee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain Yield and Quality of Rice”
e3“At the HN rate, however, the grain yield was higher under the WSD regime than under the CI regime and grain quality showed no significant difference between the two irrigation regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
At HN rate, grain quality did not differ significantly between WSD and CI irrigation
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- WSD regimee3
- Outcome
- grain qualitye3
- Direction
- no significant differencee3
- Qualifier
- At the HN ratee3
- Comparator
- CI regimee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain Yield and Quality of Rice”
e3“At the HN rate, however, the grain yield was higher under the WSD regime than under the CI regime and grain quality showed no significant difference between the two irrigation regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
WMD significantly increased photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf during grain filling
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- flag leafe4
- Treatment
- WMD regimee4
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate of the flag leafe4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain Yield and Quality of Rice”
e4“The WMD regime significantly increased photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf, activity of adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) in grains and contents of indole-3-acetic acid, zeatin + zeatin riboside, and abscisic acid in roots during grain filling”
Claim · model-written summary
WMD significantly increased ATPase activity in grains
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- grainse4
- Treatment
- WMD regimee4
- Gene
- adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)e4
- Outcome
- activity of adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)e4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain Yield and Quality of Rice”
e4“The WMD regime significantly increased photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf, activity of adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) in grains and contents of indole-3-acetic acid, zeatin + zeatin riboside, and abscisic acid in roots during grain filling”
Claim · model-written summary
WMD significantly increased IAA, zeatin plus zeatin riboside and ABA contents in roots during grain filling
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- WMD regimee4
- Outcome
- contents of indole-3-acetic acid, zeatin + zeatin riboside, and abscisic acide4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain Yield and Quality of Rice”
e4“The WMD regime significantly increased photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf, activity of adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) in grains and contents of indole-3-acetic acid, zeatin + zeatin riboside, and abscisic acid in roots during grain filling”
Claim · model-written summary
Stronger root activity, greater leaf photosynthetic rate and larger sink strength contribute to higher grain yield and better grain quality under MN rate and WMD regime
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MN rate and WMD regimee5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Qualifier
- Stronger root activity, greater leaf photosynthetic rate and larger sink strengthe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain Yield and Quality of Rice”
e5“Stronger root activity, greater leaf photosynthetic rate and larger sink strength contribute to higher grain yield and better grain quality of rice under the MN rate and WMD regime”
Claim · model-written summary
Interactions between nitrogen rates and irrigation regimes mediate grain yield and quality of rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- interactions between nitrogen rates and irrigation regimese6
- Outcome
- grain yield and qualitye6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grain Yield and Quality of Rice”
e6“interactions between nitrogen rates and irrigation regimes mediate the grain yield and quality of rice”
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