Abstract
This work investigated the effects of SNP (sodium nitroprusside; an NO donor) on 100 lM cadmium (Cd) toxicity in 2-week-old Trifolium repens L. plants. Cd accumulated to a greater degree in roots than in shoots and resulted in oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and malondialde- hyde. In addition, Cd exposure markedly hindered root and shoot elongation and biomass production, reduced the activities of H ? -ATPase in the plasma membranes (PMs) and tonoplasts (V), and inhibited the absorption of mineral nutrition. However, the addition of various SNP doses alleviated the inhibitory effects on plant growth caused by Cd, elevated the activity of the PM H ? -ATPase in both shoots and roots, enhanced the activity of V-H ? -ATPase in roots, and partially enhanced the uptake of minerals (shoots: Mg and Cu; roots: Ca, Mg, and Fe) in Cd-treated plants. Shoot and root Cd accumulation significantly diminished when plants were subjected to Cd plus SNP treatments, though the level of root Cd accumulation was not dependent on the SNP dosage level. Moreover, the addition of SNP considerably upregulated ascorbate per- oxidases (APX), catalases and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in shoots under Cd stress, but downregu- lated APX and SOD activity in roots. The addition of SNP did not influence glutathione reductase (GR) activity in roots, but markedly increased its activity in shoots. Sim- ilar to root GR levels, shoot ascorbate content experienced no significant change between Cd plus SNP treatment and Cd treatment alone; however, root ascorbate and gluta- thione levels decreased in plant tissues in the treatments with Cd and SNP. The results obtained in this work indicate that SNP applied exogenously, particularly at lower doses, can effectively deplete the detrimental effects on white clover growth, likely by reducing oxidative damage, modulating mineral absorption, and re-establish- ing the levels of ATPases.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Cd accumulated to a greater degree in roots than in shoots of white clover.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repens
Trifolium repense0 - Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatede1
- Direction
- to a greater degreee1
- Comparator
- shootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of SNP (sodium nitroprusside; an NO donor) on 100 lM cadmium (Cd) toxicity in 2-week-old Trifolium repens L. plants”
e1“Cd accumulated to a greater degree in roots than in shoots and resulted in oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and malondialde- hyde”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde concentrations in white clover, indicating oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- Cde1
- Outcome
- concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and malondialde- hydee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of SNP (sodium nitroprusside; an NO donor) on 100 lM cadmium (Cd) toxicity in 2-week-old Trifolium repens L. plants”
e1“Cd accumulated to a greater degree in roots than in shoots and resulted in oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and malondialde- hyde”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd exposure markedly hindered root and shoot elongation and biomass production in white clover.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Organ / stage
- root and shoote2
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree2
- Outcome
- root and shoot elongation and biomass productione2
- Direction
- markedly hinderede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of SNP (sodium nitroprusside; an NO donor) on 100 lM cadmium (Cd) toxicity in 2-week-old Trifolium repens L. plants”
e2“Cd exposure markedly hindered root and shoot elongation and biomass production, reduced the activities of H ? -ATPase in the plasma membranes (PMs) and tonoplasts (V), and inhibited the absorption of mineral nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd exposure reduced H+-ATPase activity in plasma membranes and tonoplasts of white clover.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Organ / stage
- plasma membranes (PMs) and tonoplasts (V)e2
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree2
- Gene
- H ? -ATPasee2
- Outcome
- activities of H ? -ATPase in the plasma membranes (PMs) and tonoplasts (V)e2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of SNP (sodium nitroprusside; an NO donor) on 100 lM cadmium (Cd) toxicity in 2-week-old Trifolium repens L. plants”
e2“Cd exposure markedly hindered root and shoot elongation and biomass production, reduced the activities of H ? -ATPase in the plasma membranes (PMs) and tonoplasts (V), and inhibited the absorption of mineral nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd exposure inhibited the absorption of mineral nutrition in white clover.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree2
- Outcome
- absorption of mineral nutritione2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of SNP (sodium nitroprusside; an NO donor) on 100 lM cadmium (Cd) toxicity in 2-week-old Trifolium repens L. plants”
e2“Cd exposure markedly hindered root and shoot elongation and biomass production, reduced the activities of H ? -ATPase in the plasma membranes (PMs) and tonoplasts (V), and inhibited the absorption of mineral nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP alleviated the inhibitory effects of Cd on white clover growth.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- the addition of various SNP dosese3
- Outcome
- inhibitory effects on plant growthe3
- Direction
- alleviatede3
- Comparator
- Cde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of SNP (sodium nitroprusside; an NO donor) on 100 lM cadmium (Cd) toxicity in 2-week-old Trifolium repens L. plants”
e3“the addition of various SNP doses alleviated the inhibitory effects on plant growth caused by Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP elevated plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity in shoots and roots of Cd-stressed white clover.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse1
- Treatment
- SNPe0
- Gene
- H ? -ATPasee1
- Outcome
- activity of the PM H ? -ATPasee1
- Direction
- elevatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of SNP (sodium nitroprusside; an NO donor) on 100 lM cadmium (Cd) toxicity in 2-week-old Trifolium repens L. plants”
e1“elevated the activity of the PM H ? -ATPase in both shoots and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP enhanced V-H+-ATPase activity in roots of white clover.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- SNPe0
- Gene
- V-H ? -ATPasee1
- Outcome
- activity of V-H ? -ATPasee1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of SNP (sodium nitroprusside; an NO donor) on 100 lM cadmium (Cd) toxicity in 2-week-old Trifolium repens L. plants”
e1“enhanced the activity of V-H ? -ATPase in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP partially enhanced mineral uptake in shoots of Cd-treated white clover, including Mg and Cu.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Organ / stage
- shootse4
- Treatment
- SNPe0
- Outcome
- uptake of mineralse4
- Direction
- partially enhancede4
- Qualifier
- Mg and Cue4
- Comparator
- Cd-treated plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of SNP (sodium nitroprusside; an NO donor) on 100 lM cadmium (Cd) toxicity in 2-week-old Trifolium repens L. plants”
e4“partially enhanced the uptake of minerals (shoots: Mg and Cu; roots: Ca, Mg, and Fe) in Cd-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP partially enhanced mineral uptake in roots of Cd-treated white clover, including Ca, Mg and Fe.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- SNPe0
- Outcome
- uptake of mineralse4
- Direction
- partially enhancede4
- Qualifier
- Ca, Mg, and Fee4
- Comparator
- Cd-treated plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of SNP (sodium nitroprusside; an NO donor) on 100 lM cadmium (Cd) toxicity in 2-week-old Trifolium repens L. plants”
e4“partially enhanced the uptake of minerals (shoots: Mg and Cu; roots: Ca, Mg, and Fe) in Cd-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd plus SNP treatments significantly diminished shoot and root Cd accumulation in white clover.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Organ / stage
- Shoot and roote5
- Treatment
- Cd plus SNP treatmentse5
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione5
- Direction
- significantly diminishede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of SNP (sodium nitroprusside; an NO donor) on 100 lM cadmium (Cd) toxicity in 2-week-old Trifolium repens L. plants”
e5“Shoot and root Cd accumulation significantly diminished when plants were subjected to Cd plus SNP treatments, though the level of root Cd accumulation was not dependent on the SNP dosage level”
Claim · model-written summary
Root Cd accumulation in white clover was not dependent on the SNP dosage level.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- SNP dosage levele5
- Outcome
- level of root Cd accumulatione5
- Direction
- not dependente5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of SNP (sodium nitroprusside; an NO donor) on 100 lM cadmium (Cd) toxicity in 2-week-old Trifolium repens L. plants”
e5“Shoot and root Cd accumulation significantly diminished when plants were subjected to Cd plus SNP treatments, though the level of root Cd accumulation was not dependent on the SNP dosage level”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP did not influence glutathione reductase activity in roots of white clover.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Organ / stage
- rootse7
- Treatment
- The addition of SNPe7
- Gene
- glutathione reductase (GR)e7
- Outcome
- glutathione reductase (GR) activitye7
- Direction
- did not influencee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of SNP (sodium nitroprusside; an NO donor) on 100 lM cadmium (Cd) toxicity in 2-week-old Trifolium repens L. plants”
e7“The addition of SNP did not influence glutathione reductase (GR) activity in roots, but markedly increased its activity in shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP markedly increased glutathione reductase activity in shoots of white clover.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Organ / stage
- shootse7
- Treatment
- The addition of SNPe7
- Gene
- glutathione reductase (GR)e7
- Outcome
- glutathione reductase (GR) activitye7
- Direction
- markedly increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of SNP (sodium nitroprusside; an NO donor) on 100 lM cadmium (Cd) toxicity in 2-week-old Trifolium repens L. plants”
e7“The addition of SNP did not influence glutathione reductase (GR) activity in roots, but markedly increased its activity in shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP may alleviate Cd damage to white clover growth by reducing oxidative damage, modulating mineral absorption and re-establishing ATPase levels.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- SNPe0
- Outcome
- white clover growthe1
- Qualifier
- likely by reducing oxidative damage, modulating mineral absorption, and re-establish- ing the levels of ATPasese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of SNP (sodium nitroprusside; an NO donor) on 100 lM cadmium (Cd) toxicity in 2-week-old Trifolium repens L. plants”
e1“the detrimental effects on white clover growth, likely by reducing oxidative damage, modulating mineral absorption, and re-establish- ing the levels of ATPases”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · nutrient: content · Trifolium repens (white clover)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
sodium nitroprusside · growth · Trifolium repens (white clover)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
cadmium atom · physiology: oxidative · Trifolium repens (white clover)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.