Abstract
Objective: Freshly harvested seeds of “Local” apricot variety were found to be dormant and did not germinate at all. A specific low-temperature stratification treatment was required to overcome seed dormancy. The most effective temperature for breaking seed dormancy, germination, and seedling growth was 5°C cold stratification (CS). Increased seed germination percentage was recorded when the period of stratification prolonged. Seedling developed from stratified seeds had better growth than those developed from non-stratified seeds. Methods: For stratification treatments, the seeds with removed endocarp were mixed with moistened sand. Afterward, they were subjected to a period of stratification at 5°C. Seeds were stratified in pots of 30 cm×40 cm. Stratified seeds were regularly irrigated once per week. To prevent the water loss during stratification upper surface of pots was covered by a sack. The following stratification was applied for apricot variety: CS for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and15 days in 1998 and 1999 years for “Local” variety. Results: Apricot seeds required a CS of about 15 days for “Local” variety to reach maximum germination and normal seedling growth. Moreover, when stratification period was prolonged, some of the chemical constituents of apricot seeds were increased and other was decreased. Therefore, it can be suggested that breaking of dormancy is coincided with several changes in different chemical constituents of seeds. Some of these materials increased (total, reducing and non-reducing sugars, total free amino acids, total indoles, and total and conjugated phenols) and other materials such as free phenols which decreased at seed germinations. Conclusion: The most effective temperature for breaking seed dormancy, germination, and seedling growth was 5°C CS. Increased seed germination percentage was recorded when the period of stratification prolonged. Seedling developed from stratified seeds had better growth than those developed from non-stratified seeds.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Freshly harvested Local apricot seeds were dormant and failed to germinate.
- Taxon
- apricot
Prunus armeniacae0 - Material
- “Local”e0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- dormant and did not germinate at alle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Freshly harvested seeds of “Local” apricot variety were found to be dormant and did not germinate at all”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stratification at 5°C was most effective for dormancy release and germination.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Treatment
- 5°C cold stratification (CS)e0
- Outcome
- breaking seed dormancy, germinatione0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective temperature for breaking seed dormancy, germination, and seedling growth was 5°C cold stratification (CS)”
t0“apricot”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stratification at 5°C was most effective for seedling growth.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Treatment
- 5°C cold stratification (CS)e0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective temperature for breaking seed dormancy, germination, and seedling growth was 5°C cold stratification (CS)”
t0“apricot”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer stratification increased seed germination percentage.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Treatment
- period of stratificatione0
- Outcome
- seed germination percentagee0
- Direction
- Increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Objective: Freshly harvested seeds of “Local” apricot variety were found to be dormant and did not germinate at all. A specific low-temperature stratification treatment was required to overcome seed dormancy. The most effective temperature for breaking seed dormancy, germination, and seedling growth was 5°C cold stratification (CS). Increased seed germination percentage was recorded when the period of stratification prolonged.”
t0“apricot”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings from stratified seeds grew better than those from non-stratified seeds.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Treatment
- stratified seedse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- non-stratified seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling developed from stratified seeds had better growth than those developed from non-stratified seeds. Methods:”
t0“apricot”
Claim · model-written summary
About 15 days of cold stratification maximized Local apricot germination.
- Taxon
- ApricotPrunus armeniacae0
- Material
- “Local”e0
- Treatment
- CS of about 15 dayse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apricot seeds required a CS of about 15 days for “Local” variety to reach maximum germination and normal seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
About 15 days of cold stratification produced normal seedling growth.
- Taxon
- ApricotPrunus armeniacae0
- Material
- “Local”e0
- Treatment
- CS of about 15 dayse0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apricot seeds required a CS of about 15 days for “Local” variety to reach maximum germination and normal seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer stratification increased total, reducing and non-reducing seed sugars.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Organ / stage
- apricott0
- Outcome
- total, reducing and non-reducing sugarse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some of these materials increased (total, reducing and non-reducing sugars, total free amino acids, total indoles, and total and conjugated phenols)”
t0“apricot”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer stratification increased total free amino acids and total indoles.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Organ / stage
- apricott0
- Outcome
- total free amino acids, total indolese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some of these materials increased (total, reducing and non-reducing sugars, total free amino acids, total indoles, and total and conjugated phenols)”
t0“apricot”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer stratification increased total and conjugated phenols.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse1
- Outcome
- total and conjugated phenolse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some of these materials increased (total, reducing and non-reducing sugars, total free amino acids, total indoles, and total and conjugated phenols)”
t0“apricot”
e1“chemical constituents of apricot seeds were increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Free phenols decreased at seed germination.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Organ / stage
- seed germinationse0
- Outcome
- free phenolse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“free phenols which decreased at seed germinations”
t0“apricot”
The same questions in other papers
cold · growth · Prunus armeniaca (apricot)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
seed treatment · growth · Prunus armeniaca (apricot)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.