Abstract
The irrigation method used in winter wheat fields affects micro-environment factors, such as relative humidity(RH) within canopy, soil temperature, topsoil bulk density, soil matric potential, and soil nutrients, and these changes may affect plant root growth.An experiment was carried out to explore the effects of irrigation method on micro-environments and root distribution in a winter wheat field in the 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 growing seasons.The results showed that border irrigation(BI), sprinkler irrigation(SI), and surface drip irrigation(SDI) had no significant effects on soil temperature.Topsoil bulk density, RH within the canopy, soil available N distribution, and soil matric potential were significantly affected by the three treatments.The change in soil matric potential was the key reason for the altered root profile distribution patterns.Additionally, more fine roots were produced in the BI treatment when soil water content was low and topsoil bulk density was high.Root growth was most stimulated in the top soil layers and inhibited in the deep layers in the SDI treatment, followed by SI and BI, which was due to the different water application frequencies.As a result, the root profile distribution differed, depending on the irrigation method used.The root distribution pattern changes could be described by the power level variation in the exponential function.A good knowledge of root distribution patterns is important when attempting to model water and nutrient movements and when studying soil-plant interactions.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation methods had no significant effect on soil temperature.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- border irrigation(BI), sprinkler irrigation(SI), and surface drip irrigation(SDI)e0
- Outcome
- soil temperaturee0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“border irrigation(BI), sprinkler irrigation(SI), and surface drip irrigation(SDI) had no significant effects on soil temperature”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation significantly affected topsoil bulk density, canopy humidity, available nitrogen distribution and soil matric potential.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- the three treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Topsoil bulk density, RH within the canopy, soil available N distribution, and soil matric potentiale0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Topsoil bulk density, RH within the canopy, soil available N distribution, and soil matric potential were significantly affected by the three treatments”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in soil matric potential were identified as the key reason for altered wheat root profiles.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- root profile distribution patternse0
- Qualifier
- The change in soil matric potentiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The change in soil matric potential was the key reason for the altered root profile distribution patterns”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Border irrigation produced more fine roots when soil water was low and topsoil bulk density high.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- BI treatmente0
- Outcome
- fine rootse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- when soil water content was low and topsoil bulk density was highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more fine roots were produced in the BI treatment when soil water content was low and topsoil bulk density was high”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface drip irrigation stimulated root growth most in topsoil layers.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- top soil layerse0
- Treatment
- SDI treatmente0
- Outcome
- Root growthe0
- Direction
- most stimulatede0
- Comparator
- SI and BIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root growth was most stimulated in the top soil layers and inhibited in the deep layers in the SDI treatment, followed by SI and BI”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface drip irrigation inhibited root growth in deep layers relative to sprinkler and border irrigation.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- deep layerse0
- Treatment
- SDI treatmente0
- Outcome
- Root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- SI and BIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root growth was most stimulated in the top soil layers and inhibited in the deep layers in the SDI treatment, followed by SI and BI”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Root profile distribution differed by irrigation method.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- irrigation methode0
- Outcome
- root profile distributione0
- Direction
- differede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the root profile distribution differed, depending on the irrigation method used”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
An exponential function described the changed root distribution pattern.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- root distribution pattern changese0
- Qualifier
- power level variation in the exponential functione0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root distribution pattern changes could be described by the power level variation in the exponential function”
t0“winter wheat”
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