Abstract
A Field experiment was performed on Bahteem Agric. Res. Station Farm Qalubia Governorate , during the two growing seasons 2009/10 and 2010/11 to study the effect of three seeding rates i.e. 300, 350 and 400 grains /m2 and two nitrogen fertilizer levels i.e. 75 and 90 kg N/fed on yield and yield components as well as grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages . In addition the intensity of natural infestation with cereal aphids and leafminer on six wheat cultivars i.e. Sakha 93, Sakha 94, Gemmeiza 10 and Sids 12 (bread wheat); Beni-Sweif 4 and Beni-Sweif 5 (durum wheat) was also investigated. Results indicated that Beni-Sweif 4 cultivar exhibited longer period to heading (89.5 days) and to maturity (140.5 days). On the other hand, Beni-Sweif 5 exhibited taller plants (101.2 cm) followed by Beni-Sweif 4 (99.9 cm) and Sids 12 (97.5 cm). While Beni-Sweif 5 and Sids 12 cultivars gave more spikes (518.5 and 516.1 spikes/ m2, respectively), but highest number of grains /spike was shown by Beni-Sweif 5 and Beni-Sweif 4 (67.4 and 66.0 grains/spike, respectively).The highest values of 1000-grain weight and grain yield were in Beni-Sweif 4 and Sids 12 (48.6 and 48.5 g & 16.2 and 16.3 ardab/fed., respectively). While Beni-Sweif 4 gave the highest value of straw yield (3.6 ton/fed.).On the other hand, Beni-Sweif 5 and Beni-Sweif 4 cultivars gave the highest values of grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (12.2 and 11.9 % & 76.7 and 75.8%, respectively). As seeding rate increased caused a significant increase in period to heading (90 days) and to maturity (138 days), number of spikes/m2 (522.1 spikes /m2 ) and straw yield (3.5 ton /fed.) and caused a significant decrease in plant height (89.6 cm), number of grains/spike (56.6 grains/spike), 1000-grain weight (42.9 g), grain yield (15.5 ardab/fed.) and also decrease in grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (11 and 71.3%,respectively). Seeding rate of 300 grains/m2 was caused a significant increase in plant height (101.4 cm), number of grains /spike (64.8 grains/spike), 1000-grain weight (49.2 g), grain yield (16.2 ardab /fed.) and also caused increase in grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (11.8 and 73.2%,respectively). Increasing nitrogen rate from 75 to 90 Kg /fed caused a significant increase in plant height (97.3 cm), number of spikes /m2 (514.7 spikes /m2 ), number of grains /spike (61.5 grains/spike),1000-grain weight (46.8 g), grain yield (16.2 ardab /fed.), straw yield (3.4 ton /fed.) and also caused increase in grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (11.5 and 72.6%,respectively). For insect infestation, results revealed that Beni-Sweif 4 and Sids 12 cultivars were significantly effective in decreasing number of cereal aphids (62.1 and 83.3 aphids /10 plants, respectively). On the other hand, Beni-Sweif 4 and Beni-Sweif 5 showed the least number of leafminer (2.4 and 3.4 mines & 1.5 and 2.2 larvae /100 leaves, respectively). Increasing seeding rate from 300 grains/m2 to 400 grains /m2 caused a significant increase in number of cereal aphids (159.5 aphids /10 plants) and leafminer (9.2 mines and 6.7 larvae /100 leaves). The least number of cereal aphids (82.1 aphids /10 plants) and leafminer (3.7 mines and 2.5 larvae /100 leaves) were obtained at a seeding rate of 300 grains /m2. Increasing nitrogen rate from 75 to 90 Kg /fed caused a significant increase in number of cereal aphids (133.3 aphids /10 plants) and leafminer (7.9 mines and 5.6 larvae /100 leaves). From these results, it could be concluded that sowing Sids 12 cultivar (bread wheat) or Beni-Sweif 4 cultivar (durum wheat) under seeding rate of 300 grains/m2 and applying 90 KgN/fed gave the highest grain yield/fed and least infestation by cereal aphids and leafminer.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Beni-Sweif 4 had longer period to heading, 89.5 days.
- Taxon
- WHEAT
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- Beni-Sweif 4e0
- Outcome
- period to headinge0
- Direction
- longere0
- Value
- 89.5 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results indicated that Beni-Sweif 4 cultivar exhibited longer period to heading (89.5 days) and to maturity (140.5 days).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Beni-Sweif 4 had longer to maturity, 140.5 days.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Beni-Sweif 4e0
- Outcome
- to maturitye0
- Direction
- longere0
- Value
- 140.5 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results indicated that Beni-Sweif 4 cultivar exhibited longer period to heading (89.5 days) and to maturity (140.5 days).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Beni-Sweif 5 had the tallest plants at 101.2 cm.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Beni-Sweif 5e0
- Outcome
- taller plantse0
- Direction
- tallere0
- Value
- 101.2 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the other hand, Beni-Sweif 5 exhibited taller plants (101.2 cm) followed by Beni-Sweif 4 (99.9 cm) and Sids 12 (97.5 cm).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Beni-Sweif 5 had more spikes, 518.5 spikes/ m2.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While Beni-Sweif 5 and Sids 12 cultivars gave more spikes (518.5 and 516.1 spikes/ m2, respectively), but highest number of grains /spike was shown by Beni-Sweif 5 and Beni-Sweif 4 (67.4 and 66.0 grains/spike, respectively).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Sids 12 had more spikes, 516.1 spikes/ m2.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While Beni-Sweif 5 and Sids 12 cultivars gave more spikes (518.5 and 516.1 spikes/ m2, respectively), but highest number of grains /spike was shown by Beni-Sweif 5 and Beni-Sweif 4 (67.4 and 66.0 grains/spike, respectively).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Beni-Sweif 5 had the highest grain count per spike, 67.4.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Beni-Sweif 5e0
- Outcome
- number of grains /spikee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 67.4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While Beni-Sweif 5 and Sids 12 cultivars gave more spikes (518.5 and 516.1 spikes/ m2, respectively), but highest number of grains /spike was shown by Beni-Sweif 5 and Beni-Sweif 4 (67.4 and 66.0 grains/spike, respectively).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Beni-Sweif 4 had high 1000-grain weight of 48.6 g.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Beni-Sweif 4e0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 48.6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest values of 1000-grain weight and grain yield were in Beni-Sweif 4 and Sids 12 (48.6 and 48.5 g & 16.2 and 16.3 ardab/fed., respectively).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Sids 12 had high grain yield of 16.3 ardab/fed.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Sids 12e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 16.3 ardab/fed.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest values of 1000-grain weight and grain yield were in Beni-Sweif 4 and Sids 12 (48.6 and 48.5 g & 16.2 and 16.3 ardab/fed., respectively).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seeding rate caused a significant increase in period to heading to 90 days.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seeding rate increasede0
- Outcome
- period to headinge0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 90 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As seeding rate increased caused a significant increase in period to heading (90 days) and to maturity (138 days), number of spikes/m2 (522.1 spikes /m2 ) and straw yield (3.5 ton /fed.) and caused a significant decrease in plant height (89.6 cm), number of grains/spike (56.6 grains/spike), 1000-grain weight (42.9 g), grain yield (15.5 ardab/fed.) and also decrease in grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (11 and 71.3%,respectively).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seeding rate caused a significant increase in to maturity to 138 days.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seeding rate increasede0
- Outcome
- to maturitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 138 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As seeding rate increased caused a significant increase in period to heading (90 days) and to maturity (138 days), number of spikes/m2 (522.1 spikes /m2 ) and straw yield (3.5 ton /fed.) and caused a significant decrease in plant height (89.6 cm), number of grains/spike (56.6 grains/spike), 1000-grain weight (42.9 g), grain yield (15.5 ardab/fed.) and also decrease in grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (11 and 71.3%,respectively).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seeding rate caused a significant increase in number of spikes/m2 to 522.1 spikes /m2.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seeding rate increasede0
- Outcome
- number of spikes/m2e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 522.1 spikes /m2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As seeding rate increased caused a significant increase in period to heading (90 days) and to maturity (138 days), number of spikes/m2 (522.1 spikes /m2 ) and straw yield (3.5 ton /fed.) and caused a significant decrease in plant height (89.6 cm), number of grains/spike (56.6 grains/spike), 1000-grain weight (42.9 g), grain yield (15.5 ardab/fed.) and also decrease in grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (11 and 71.3%,respectively).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seeding rate caused a significant increase in straw yield to 3.5 ton /fed..
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seeding rate increasede0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 3.5 ton /fed.e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As seeding rate increased caused a significant increase in period to heading (90 days) and to maturity (138 days), number of spikes/m2 (522.1 spikes /m2 ) and straw yield (3.5 ton /fed.) and caused a significant decrease in plant height (89.6 cm), number of grains/spike (56.6 grains/spike), 1000-grain weight (42.9 g), grain yield (15.5 ardab/fed.) and also decrease in grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (11 and 71.3%,respectively).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seeding rate caused a significant decrease in plant height to 89.6 cm.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seeding rate increasede0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 89.6 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As seeding rate increased caused a significant increase in period to heading (90 days) and to maturity (138 days), number of spikes/m2 (522.1 spikes /m2 ) and straw yield (3.5 ton /fed.) and caused a significant decrease in plant height (89.6 cm), number of grains/spike (56.6 grains/spike), 1000-grain weight (42.9 g), grain yield (15.5 ardab/fed.) and also decrease in grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (11 and 71.3%,respectively).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seeding rate caused a significant decrease in number of grains/spike to 56.6 grains/spike.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seeding rate increasede0
- Outcome
- number of grains/spikee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 56.6 grains/spikee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As seeding rate increased caused a significant increase in period to heading (90 days) and to maturity (138 days), number of spikes/m2 (522.1 spikes /m2 ) and straw yield (3.5 ton /fed.) and caused a significant decrease in plant height (89.6 cm), number of grains/spike (56.6 grains/spike), 1000-grain weight (42.9 g), grain yield (15.5 ardab/fed.) and also decrease in grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (11 and 71.3%,respectively).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seeding rate caused a significant decrease in 1000-grain weight to 42.9 g.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seeding rate increasede0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 42.9 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As seeding rate increased caused a significant increase in period to heading (90 days) and to maturity (138 days), number of spikes/m2 (522.1 spikes /m2 ) and straw yield (3.5 ton /fed.) and caused a significant decrease in plant height (89.6 cm), number of grains/spike (56.6 grains/spike), 1000-grain weight (42.9 g), grain yield (15.5 ardab/fed.) and also decrease in grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (11 and 71.3%,respectively).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seeding rate caused a significant decrease in grain yield to 15.5 ardab/fed..
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seeding rate increasede0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 15.5 ardab/fed.e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As seeding rate increased caused a significant increase in period to heading (90 days) and to maturity (138 days), number of spikes/m2 (522.1 spikes /m2 ) and straw yield (3.5 ton /fed.) and caused a significant decrease in plant height (89.6 cm), number of grains/spike (56.6 grains/spike), 1000-grain weight (42.9 g), grain yield (15.5 ardab/fed.) and also decrease in grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (11 and 71.3%,respectively).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seeding rate caused a significant decrease in grain crude protein to 11.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seeding rate increasede0
- Outcome
- grain crude proteine0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 11e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As seeding rate increased caused a significant increase in period to heading (90 days) and to maturity (138 days), number of spikes/m2 (522.1 spikes /m2 ) and straw yield (3.5 ton /fed.) and caused a significant decrease in plant height (89.6 cm), number of grains/spike (56.6 grains/spike), 1000-grain weight (42.9 g), grain yield (15.5 ardab/fed.) and also decrease in grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (11 and 71.3%,respectively).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seeding rate caused a significant decrease in total carbohydrate percentages to 71.3%.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seeding rate increasede0
- Outcome
- total carbohydrate percentagese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 71.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As seeding rate increased caused a significant increase in period to heading (90 days) and to maturity (138 days), number of spikes/m2 (522.1 spikes /m2 ) and straw yield (3.5 ton /fed.) and caused a significant decrease in plant height (89.6 cm), number of grains/spike (56.6 grains/spike), 1000-grain weight (42.9 g), grain yield (15.5 ardab/fed.) and also decrease in grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (11 and 71.3%,respectively).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Beni-Sweif 4 reduced cereal aphid counts to 62.1 per ten plants.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Beni-Sweif 4e0
- Interactor
- cereal aphidse0pest
- Outcome
- number of cereal aphidse0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Value
- 62.1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For insect infestation, results revealed that Beni-Sweif 4 and Sids 12 cultivars were significantly effective in decreasing number of cereal aphids (62.1 and 83.3 aphids /10 plants, respectively).”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended Sids 12 or Beni-Sweif 4 at 300 grains/m2 and 90 KgN/fed for yield and low infestation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seeding rate of 300 grains/m2 and applying 90 KgN/fede0
- Outcome
- highest grain yield/fed and least infestation by cereal aphids and leafminere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From these results, it could be concluded that sowing Sids 12 cultivar (bread wheat) or Beni-Sweif 4 cultivar (durum wheat) under seeding rate of 300 grains/m2 and applying 90 KgN/fed gave the highest grain yield/fed and least infestation by cereal aphids and leafminer.”
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