Abstract
Fusarium graminearum, the major causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the U.S., can produce mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), during infection. Contamination of wheat grain with DON is a major concern for wheat producers and millers, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has set advisory levels for DON in finished wheat products for human and animal consumption. Practices utilized to manage FHB and DON contamination include planting wheat cultivars with moderate resistance to FHB and applying efficacious fungicides at the beginning of anthesis. Under severe epidemics, DON contamination can exceed FDA advisory levels despite implementation of these measures. Additionally, fungicide efficacy can be limited when anthesis is not uniform among plants in the field, which can occur when planting is delayed or if there is non-uniform seedling establishment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of 1) in-furrow phosphorus application at planting and seeding rate on heading and anthesis uniformity, FHB symptomology, DON contamination, grain yield, yield components, and test weight; and 2) harvesting at different grain moisture concentrations on FHB symptomology, DON contamination, grain yield and test weight. Field trials were established in Princeton, Kentucky, from 2017 to 2019, to evaluate in-furrow phosphorus application at planting (0 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 47 kg P2O5 ha-1); seeding rate (376 live seeds m-2 and 603 live seeds m-2); and grain moisture at harvest (20 to 22% and 13 to 15%). In-furrow phosphorus increased grain yield and spikes m-2, but had no effect on heading and anthesis uniformity or DON contamination. The 603 live seeds m-2 seeding rate decreased the number of days to Zadoks 60 for the November planted wheat, and decreased FHB incidence, but did not decrease DON contamination. Harvesting at 20 to 22% grain moisture decreased Fusarium damaged kernel ratings and percent kernel infection but increased DON contamination in the harvested grain. Although in-furrow phosphorus, seeding rate, and harvesting 20 to 22% grain moisture did not decrease DON contamination, there is potential for these treatments to alleviate negative effects of late planted wheat grown in stressful environments.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
In-furrow phosphorus increased grain yield
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- In-furrow phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In-furrow phosphorus increased grain yield and spikes m-2, but had no effect on heading and anthesis uniformity or DON contamination.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
In-furrow phosphorus increased spikes m-2
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- In-furrow phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- spikes m-2e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In-furrow phosphorus increased grain yield and spikes m-2, but had no effect on heading and anthesis uniformity or DON contamination.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
In-furrow phosphorus no effect heading and anthesis uniformity
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- In-furrow phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- heading and anthesis uniformitye0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In-furrow phosphorus increased grain yield and spikes m-2, but had no effect on heading and anthesis uniformity or DON contamination.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
In-furrow phosphorus no effect DON contamination
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- In-furrow phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- DON contaminatione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In-furrow phosphorus increased grain yield and spikes m-2, but had no effect on heading and anthesis uniformity or DON contamination.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 603 live seeds m-2 seeding rate decreased number of days to Zadoks 60
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 603 live seeds m-2 seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- number of days to Zadoks 60e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- November planted wheate0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 603 live seeds m-2 seeding rate decreased the number of days to Zadoks 60 for the November planted wheat, and decreased FHB incidence, but did not decrease DON contamination.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 603 live seeds m-2 seeding rate decreased FHB incidence
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 603 live seeds m-2 seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- FHB incidencee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparatorQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 603 live seeds m-2 seeding rate decreased the number of days to Zadoks 60 for the November planted wheat, and decreased FHB incidence, but did not decrease DON contamination.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 603 live seeds m-2 seeding rate did not decrease DON contamination
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 603 live seeds m-2 seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- DON contaminatione0
- Direction
- did not decreasee0
Not reportedComparatorQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 603 live seeds m-2 seeding rate decreased the number of days to Zadoks 60 for the November planted wheat, and decreased FHB incidence, but did not decrease DON contamination.”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvesting at 20 to 22% grain moisture decreased Fusarium damaged kernel ratings
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Harvesting at 20 to 22% grain moisturee0
- Outcome
- Fusarium damaged kernel ratingse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvesting at 20 to 22% grain moisture decreased Fusarium damaged kernel ratings and percent kernel infection but increased DON contamination in the harvested grain.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvesting at 20 to 22% grain moisture decreased percent kernel infection
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Harvesting at 20 to 22% grain moisturee0
- Outcome
- percent kernel infectione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvesting at 20 to 22% grain moisture decreased Fusarium damaged kernel ratings and percent kernel infection but increased DON contamination in the harvested grain.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvesting at 20 to 22% grain moisture increased DON contamination
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Harvesting at 20 to 22% grain moisturee0
- Outcome
- DON contaminatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvesting at 20 to 22% grain moisture decreased Fusarium damaged kernel ratings and percent kernel infection but increased DON contamination in the harvested grain.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest these practices could alleviate negative effects on late planted wheat in stressful environments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- alleviate negative effects of late planted wheate0
- Qualifier
- stressful environmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is potential for these treatments to alleviate negative effects of late planted wheat grown in stressful environments”
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