Abstract
Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation have been reported to play important roles in plant cold responses. In addition, phospho-regulatory feedback is a conserved mechanism for biological processes and stress responses in animals and plants. However, it is less well known that a regulatory feedback loop is formed by the protein kinase and the protein phosphatase in plant responses to cold stress. Here, we report that OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) and PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2C G GROUP 1 (PP2CG1) reciprocally regulate the activity during the cold stress response. The interaction of PP2CG1 and OST1 is inhibited by cold stress, which results in the release of OST1 at the cytoplasm and nucleus from suppression by PP2CG1. Interestingly, cold-activated OST1 phosphorylates PP2CG1 to suppress its phosphatase activity, thereby amplifying cold signaling in plants. Mutations of PP2CG1 and its homolog PP2CG2 enhance freezing tolerance, whereas overexpression of PP2CG1 decreases freezing tolerance. Moreover, PP2CG1 negatively regulates protein levels of C-REPEAT BINDING FACTORs (CBFs) under cold stress. Our results uncover a phosphor/dephosphor-regulatory feedback loop mediated by PP2CG1 phosphatase and OST1 protein kinase in plant cold responses.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
OST1 and PP2CG1 reciprocally regulate activity during cold stress.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Gene
- OST1e0
- Outcome
- reciprocally regulate the activitye0
- Qualifier
- cold stress responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) and PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2C G GROUP 1 (PP2CG1) reciprocally regulate the activity during the cold stress response”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress inhibits interaction of PP2CG1 and OST1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- cold stresse0
- Gene
- PP2CG1 and OST1e0
- Outcome
- interaction of PP2CG1 and OST1e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of PP2CG1 and OST1 is inhibited by cold stress”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold releases OST1 in cytoplasm and nucleus from PP2CG1 suppression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- OST1e0
- Outcome
- release of OST1 at the cytoplasm and nucleuse0
- Qualifier
- from suppression by PP2CG1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“results in the release of OST1 at the cytoplasm and nucleus from suppression by PP2CG1”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold-activated OST1 phosphorylates PP2CG1 and suppresses its phosphatase activity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- OST1e0
- Outcome
- phosphatase activitye0
- Qualifier
- phosphorylates PP2CG1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cold-activated OST1 phosphorylates PP2CG1 to suppress its phosphatase activity”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
OST1 phosphorylation of PP2CG1 amplifies plant cold signaling.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- OST1e0
- Outcome
- cold signaling in plantse0
- Qualifier
- phosphorylates PP2CG1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cold-activated OST1 phosphorylates PP2CG1 to suppress its phosphatase activity, thereby amplifying cold signaling in plants”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PP2CG1 and PP2CG2 mutations enhance freezing tolerance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Mutations of PP2CG1 and its homolog PP2CG2e0
- Gene
- PP2CG1e0
- Outcome
- freezing tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutations of PP2CG1 and its homolog PP2CG2 enhance freezing tolerance”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PP2CG1 overexpression decreases freezing tolerance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- overexpression of PP2CG1e0
- Gene
- PP2CG1e0
- Outcome
- freezing tolerancee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overexpression of PP2CG1 decreases freezing tolerance”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PP2CG1 negatively regulates CBF protein levels under cold stress.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- PP2CG1e0
- Outcome
- protein levels of C-REPEAT BINDING FACTORs (CBFs)e0
- Qualifier
- under cold stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PP2CG1 negatively regulates protein levels of C-REPEAT BINDING FACTORs (CBFs) under cold stress”
t0“Arabidopsis”
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