Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important food security crops which is cultivated from small to large scale farms in Ethiopia. However, its productivity has been limited due to various abiotic and biotic factors including weeds. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of seed rates and post emergence herbicides application on weed management and productivity of wheat. Factorial combinations of three levels of seed rates (100,150 and 200 kg ha -1 )and four types of herbicides (Agro 2,4-D 720 g/L 1lt ha -1 ,Pallas 45 OD 0.5lt ha -1 ,Derby 175 SC 100ml ha -1 and Lancolet 450 WG 33 gm ha -1 )along with control (a weedy check) were laid out in RCBD with three replications. A total of identified 12 weed species were recorded (86 % broad and 14 % grass weeds). Results also revealed that significant effects of seed rate by herbicide interaction for all the traits studied. The minimum weed densities (2.7 m -2 ) at 45 days after planting , dry biomass of grass weeds (33.33 kg ha -1 ) and the highest weed control efficiency (81.22%) were recorded from the interaction effects of 150 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD while the minimum dry biomass of broad leaf weeds (53.33 kg ha -1 ) was recorded at 200 kg ha -1 seed rate with Lancolet 450 Wattable Granule (WG). The highest number of productive tillers(133.33 m -2 ),seeds per spike(76.48), thousand grain weight (44.36 g),grain yield (4516.42 kg ha -1 )and biological yield(13100 kg ha -1 ) were recorded from the combination of 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD while the lowest values were observed from the weedy check .Grain yield had strong positive correlations with each of the yield components, however it was negatively correlated with dry weed biomass. Based on partial budget analysis, the maximum net benefit was obtained from the interaction of 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD but higher number of marginal rate of return was calculated from 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with 2,4-D . It was also observed that, the combined use of seed rate 150 kg ha -1 with Pallas 45 OD effectively managed weeds, economical and gave maximum yields, which could be recommended for the test environment. Since the experiment was conducted in one location and for a single season, it should be repeated over seasons or multi locations for best recommendation. Keywords: combination, effect, interaction, maximum, Pallas 45 OD DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/107-02 Publication date: April 30 th 2021
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Interaction of 150 kg/ha seed rate with Pallas 45 OD gave the minimum weed density (2.7 m-2) at 45 days after planting.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- 150 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe2
- Interactor
- weede2weed
- Outcome
- weed densitiese2
- Direction
- minimume2
- Value
- 2.7 m -2e2
- Qualifier
- at 45 days after plantinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity of wheat”
e2“The minimum weed densities (2.7 m -2 ) at 45 days after planting , dry biomass of grass weeds (33.33 kg ha -1 ) and the highest weed control efficiency (81.22%) were recorded from the interaction effects of 150 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD”
Claim · model-written summary
Interaction of 150 kg/ha seed rate with Pallas 45 OD gave the minimum dry biomass of grass weeds (33.33 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe2
- Interactor
- grass weedse2weed
- Outcome
- dry biomass of grass weedse2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- 33.33 kg ha -1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity of wheat”
e2“The minimum weed densities (2.7 m -2 ) at 45 days after planting , dry biomass of grass weeds (33.33 kg ha -1 ) and the highest weed control efficiency (81.22%) were recorded from the interaction effects of 150 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD”
Claim · model-written summary
Interaction of 150 kg/ha seed rate with Pallas 45 OD gave the highest weed control efficiency (81.22%).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe2
- Interactor
- weede2weed
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 81.22%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity of wheat”
e2“The minimum weed densities (2.7 m -2 ) at 45 days after planting , dry biomass of grass weeds (33.33 kg ha -1 ) and the highest weed control efficiency (81.22%) were recorded from the interaction effects of 150 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD”
Claim · model-written summary
The minimum dry biomass of broad-leaf weeds (53.33 kg/ha) was recorded at 200 kg/ha seed rate with Lancolet 450 WG.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 200 kg ha -1 seed rate with Lancolet 450 Wattable Granule (WG)e3
- Interactor
- broad leaf weedse3weed
- Outcome
- dry biomass of broad leaf weedse3
- Direction
- minimume3
- Value
- 53.33 kg ha -1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity of wheat”
e3“while the minimum dry biomass of broad leaf weeds (53.33 kg ha -1 ) was recorded at 200 kg ha -1 seed rate with Lancolet 450 Wattable Granule (WG)”
Claim · model-written summary
150 kg/ha seed rate with Pallas 45 OD gave the highest number of productive tillers (133.33 m-2), against the weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe1
- Outcome
- productive tillerse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 133.33 m -2e1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity of wheat”
e1“The highest number of productive tillers(133.33 m -2 ),seeds per spike(76.48), thousand grain weight (44.36 g),grain yield (4516.42 kg ha -1 )and biological yield(13100 kg ha -1 ) were recorded from the combination of 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD while the lowest values were observed from the weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
150 kg/ha seed rate with Pallas 45 OD gave the highest number of seeds per spike (76.48), against the weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe1
- Outcome
- seeds per spikee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 76.48e1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity of wheat”
e1“The highest number of productive tillers(133.33 m -2 ),seeds per spike(76.48), thousand grain weight (44.36 g),grain yield (4516.42 kg ha -1 )and biological yield(13100 kg ha -1 ) were recorded from the combination of 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD while the lowest values were observed from the weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
150 kg/ha seed rate with Pallas 45 OD gave the highest thousand grain weight (44.36 g), against the weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe1
- Outcome
- thousand grain weighte1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 44.36 ge1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity of wheat”
e1“The highest number of productive tillers(133.33 m -2 ),seeds per spike(76.48), thousand grain weight (44.36 g),grain yield (4516.42 kg ha -1 )and biological yield(13100 kg ha -1 ) were recorded from the combination of 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD while the lowest values were observed from the weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
150 kg/ha seed rate with Pallas 45 OD gave the highest grain yield (4516.42 kg/ha), against the weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 4516.42 kg ha -1e1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity of wheat”
e1“The highest number of productive tillers(133.33 m -2 ),seeds per spike(76.48), thousand grain weight (44.36 g),grain yield (4516.42 kg ha -1 )and biological yield(13100 kg ha -1 ) were recorded from the combination of 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD while the lowest values were observed from the weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
150 kg/ha seed rate with Pallas 45 OD gave the highest biological yield (13100 kg/ha), against the weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe1
- Outcome
- biological yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 13100 kg ha -1e1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity of wheat”
e1“The highest number of productive tillers(133.33 m -2 ),seeds per spike(76.48), thousand grain weight (44.36 g),grain yield (4516.42 kg ha -1 )and biological yield(13100 kg ha -1 ) were recorded from the combination of 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD while the lowest values were observed from the weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield had a strong positive correlation with each of the yield components.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- positivee5
- Qualifier
- stronge5
- Comparator
- yield componentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity of wheat”
e5“Grain yield had strong positive correlations with each of the yield components, however it was negatively correlated with dry weed biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was negatively correlated with dry weed biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- weede5weed
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- negatively correlatede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity of wheat”
e5“Grain yield had strong positive correlations with each of the yield components, however it was negatively correlated with dry weed biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Based on partial budget analysis, 150 kg/ha seed rate with Pallas 45 OD gave the maximum net benefit.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 ODe6
- Outcome
- net benefite6
- Direction
- maximume6
- Qualifier
- Based on partial budget analysise6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity of wheat”
e6“Based on partial budget analysis, the maximum net benefit was obtained from the interaction of 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with Pallas 45 OD”
Claim · model-written summary
150 kg/ha seed rate with 2,4-D gave a higher marginal rate of return.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with 2,4-De7
- Outcome
- marginal rate of returne7
- Direction
- highere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity of wheat”
e7“but higher number of marginal rate of return was calculated from 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with 2,4-D”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 150 kg/ha seed rate with Pallas 45 OD effectively managed weeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- combined use of seed rate 150 kg ha -1 with Pallas 45 ODe4
- Interactor
- weedse4weed
- Outcome
- weedse4
- Direction
- effectively managede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity of wheat”
e4“the combined use of seed rate 150 kg ha -1 with Pallas 45 OD effectively managed weeds, economical and gave maximum yields, which could be recommended for the test environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 150 kg/ha seed rate with Pallas 45 OD was economical.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- combined use of seed rate 150 kg ha -1 with Pallas 45 ODe4
- Outcome
- economicale4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity of wheat”
e4“the combined use of seed rate 150 kg ha -1 with Pallas 45 OD effectively managed weeds, economical and gave maximum yields, which could be recommended for the test environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 150 kg/ha seed rate with Pallas 45 OD could be recommended for the test environment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- combined use of seed rate 150 kg ha -1 with Pallas 45 ODe4
- Setting
- test environmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity of wheat”
e4“the combined use of seed rate 150 kg ha -1 with Pallas 45 OD effectively managed weeds, economical and gave maximum yields, which could be recommended for the test environment”
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