Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition is a threatening health issue mainly among the developing countries. Thus cereal biofortification must be under attention of researchers in addition to yield improvement in order to feed the increasing world population. In order to investigate the effects of various sources of nutrients on maize biofortification, growth and yield, a field experiment was conducted at the research station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran in 2012. The experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement in 3 replicates. Studied factors (4 factors) were Vermicompost (V 0 and V1), inoculation with and without Thiobacillus thiooxidans (B 0 and B 1), Fe chelate foliar spraying (F 0 and F 1) and Zn chelate foliar application (Z 0 and Z 1). The results showed that maize grain yield was improved by application of vermicompost (20.9%) and inoculation with Thiobacillus (13.1%). Biofortification demonstrated that vermicompost and Thiobacillus were highly effective on the micronutrient content of grain, improving Fe (12.7% and 12.1%, respectively) and Zn (29.2% and 17.5%, respectively) content. Although Fe and Zn application improved grain yield slightly (5.8% and 8.0%, respectively), they were effective for maize biofortification. Although Fe and Zn foliar application had slight effects on plant yield, yet Fe application increased Fe content by 12.9%. However, Zn application increased the content of N by 6.7%, Zn by 12.6% and protein by 7.2%. Farmers must be encouraged to apply micronutrient fer-tilizers to their fields in order to increase the quality of their products.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost improved maize grain yield by 20.9%.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize grain yield was improved by application of vermicompost (20.9%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiobacillus inoculation improved maize grain yield by 13.1%.
- Treatment
- inoculation with Thiobacilluse0
- Interactor
- ThiobacillusThiobacilluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 13.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize grain yield was improved by application of vermicompost (20.9%) and inoculation with Thiobacillus (13.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost improved grain Fe content by 12.7%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost and Thiobacillus were highly effective on the micronutrient content of grain, improving Fe (12.7% and 12.1%, respectively)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiobacillus improved grain Fe content by 12.1%.
- Treatment
- Thiobacilluse0
- Interactor
- ThiobacillusThiobacilluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- Fee0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Value
- 12.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost and Thiobacillus were highly effective on the micronutrient content of grain, improving Fe (12.7% and 12.1%, respectively)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost improved grain Zn content by 29.2%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost and Thiobacillus were highly effective on the micronutrient content of grain, improving Fe (12.7% and 12.1%, respectively) and Zn (29.2% and 17.5%, respectively) content”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiobacillus improved grain Zn content by 17.5%.
- Treatment
- Thiobacilluse0
- Interactor
- ThiobacillusThiobacilluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Value
- 17.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost and Thiobacillus were highly effective on the micronutrient content of grain, improving Fe (12.7% and 12.1%, respectively) and Zn (29.2% and 17.5%, respectively) content”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe application improved maize grain yield by 5.8%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe and Zn application improved grain yield slightly (5.8% and 8.0%, respectively)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn application improved maize grain yield by 8.0%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe and Zn application improved grain yield slightly (5.8% and 8.0%, respectively)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe application increased Fe content by 12.9%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe application increased Fe content by 12.9%”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn application increased N content by 6.7%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn application increased the content of N by 6.7%, Zn by 12.6% and protein by 7.2%”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn application increased Zn content by 12.6%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn application increased the content of N by 6.7%, Zn by 12.6% and protein by 7.2%”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn application increased protein content by 7.2%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn application increased the content of N by 6.7%, Zn by 12.6% and protein by 7.2%”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend micronutrient fertilizers to improve product quality.
- Outcome
- increase the quality of their productse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Farmers must be encouraged to apply micronutrient fer-tilizers to their fields in order to increase the quality of their products”
t0“Maize”
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8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.