Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Rasht, in 2014, to investigate controlling weeds in native Hashemi cultivar paddy fields by different methods of herbicide applications and inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum. The factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates was performed. Factors were Azotobacter application with two levels (inoculation with or without Azotobacter chroococcum) and weed management regimes with six levels (pretilachlor plus a supplementary hand weeding, bensulfuron methyl plus a supplementary hand weeding, and pretilachlor + bensulfuron methyl plus a supplementary hand weeding, hand weeding during rice growing period + no herbicide, un-weeded during rice growing period + no herbicide). Results indicated that paddy rice yield was significantly increased by 16% after Azotobacter chroococcum inoculation. Rice paddy yield was significantly reduced in un-weeded plots compared to hand weeded and herbicide treated plots. ANOVA also revealed that there was no interaction effect between Azotobacter chroococcum applications and weed management regimes on paddy and biological yields, indicating that the herbicides had no adverse effect on Azotobacter efficiency in promoting growth and paddy yield of rice. Weed dry weight was reduced by 88, 91, 92, and 94 percentages in weeded plot and plots treated with pretilachlor, bensulfuron methyl, and pretilachlor + bensulfuron methyl, respectively, compared to un-weeded plots. Azotobacter chroococcum inoculation had no significant effect on weed biomass. Overall, the result of this experiment confirmed the feasibility of chemical weed control in paddy fields inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter chroococcum inoculation increased paddy rice yield by 16%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Azotobacter chroococcum inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume0symbiont
- Outcome
- paddy rice yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Comparator
- without Azotobacter chroococcume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“paddy rice yield was significantly increased by 16% after Azotobacter chroococcum inoculation”
e1“inoculation with or without Azotobacter chroococcum”
Claim · model-written summary
Unweeded plots had lower rice paddy yield than hand-weeded plots.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- un-weeded plotse0
- Outcome
- Rice paddy yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- hand weedede0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice paddy yield was significantly reduced in un-weeded plots compared to hand weeded and herbicide treated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Unweeded plots had lower rice paddy yield than herbicide-treated plots.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- un-weeded plotse0
- Outcome
- Rice paddy yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- herbicide treated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice paddy yield was significantly reduced in un-weeded plots compared to hand weeded and herbicide treated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter application and weed management had no interaction effect on paddy yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Azotobacter chroococcum applications and weed management regimese0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume0symbiont
- Outcome
- paddye0
- Direction
- no interaction effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no interaction effect between Azotobacter chroococcum applications and weed management regimes on paddy and biological yields”
e1“paddy rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter application and weed management had no interaction effect on biological yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Azotobacter chroococcum applications and weed management regimese0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume0symbiont
- Outcome
- biological yieldse0
- Direction
- no interaction effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no interaction effect between Azotobacter chroococcum applications and weed management regimes on paddy and biological yields”
e1“paddy rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding reduced weed dry weight by 88% relative to unweeded plots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- weeded plote0
- Interactor
- Weede0weed
- Outcome
- Weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 88e0
- Comparator
- un-weeded plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed dry weight was reduced by 88, 91, 92, and 94 percentages in weeded plot and plots treated with pretilachlor, bensulfuron methyl, and pretilachlor + bensulfuron methyl, respectively, compared to un-weeded plots”
e1“paddy rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretilachlor reduced weed dry weight by 91% relative to unweeded plots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- pretilachlore0
- Interactor
- Weede0weed
- Outcome
- Weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 91e0
- Comparator
- un-weeded plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed dry weight was reduced by 88, 91, 92, and 94 percentages in weeded plot and plots treated with pretilachlor, bensulfuron methyl, and pretilachlor + bensulfuron methyl, respectively, compared to un-weeded plots”
e1“paddy rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Bensulfuron methyl reduced weed dry weight by 92% relative to unweeded plots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- bensulfuron methyle0
- Interactor
- Weede0weed
- Outcome
- Weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 92e0
- Comparator
- un-weeded plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed dry weight was reduced by 88, 91, 92, and 94 percentages in weeded plot and plots treated with pretilachlor, bensulfuron methyl, and pretilachlor + bensulfuron methyl, respectively, compared to un-weeded plots”
e1“paddy rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretilachlor plus bensulfuron methyl reduced weed dry weight by 94% relative to unweeded plots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- pretilachlor + bensulfuron methyle0
- Interactor
- Weede0weed
- Outcome
- Weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 94e0
- Comparator
- un-weeded plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed dry weight was reduced by 88, 91, 92, and 94 percentages in weeded plot and plots treated with pretilachlor, bensulfuron methyl, and pretilachlor + bensulfuron methyl, respectively, compared to un-weeded plots”
e1“paddy rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter chroococcum inoculation had no significant effect on weed biomass.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Azotobacter chroococcum inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume0symbiont
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Comparator
- without Azotobacter chroococcume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azotobacter chroococcum inoculation had no significant effect on weed biomass”
e1“paddy rice yield”
e2“inoculation with or without Azotobacter chroococcum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that chemical weed control is feasible in Azotobacter-inoculated paddy fields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- Azotobacter chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume0symbiont
- Outcome
- chemical weed control in paddy fields inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“feasibility of chemical weed control in paddy fields inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum”
e1“paddy rice yield”
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