Abstract
Pathogenic isolates of Alternaria mali produced host-specific toxin(AM-toxin) in liquid culture. The toxin was also released by germinating spores of the fungus. The physiological event of apple leaves induced by germinating spores was an increased loss of electrolytes from susceptible leaves. This reaction was evident soon after spore inoculation, indicating that the leakage was caused by AM-toxin from germinating spores. Typical symptoms were developed only in susceptible leaves of apple within 48hr after inoculation with pathogenic spores. Similar symptoms occurred on susceptible leaves when non-pathogenic isolates plus AM-toxin were used.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogenic Alternaria mali isolates produced AM-toxin in liquid culture.
- Taxon
- Alternaria mali
Alternaria malie0 - Outcome
- produced host-specific toxin(AM-toxin)e0
- Setting
- liquid culturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogenic isolates of Alternaria mali produced host-specific toxin(AM-toxin) in liquid culture.”
Claim · model-written summary
Germinating fungal spores released the toxin.
- Taxon
- Alternaria maliAlternaria malit0
- Organ / stage
- germinating sporese0
- Outcome
- toxin was also releasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The toxin was also released by germinating spores of the fungus.”
t0“Alternaria mali”
Claim · model-written summary
Germinating spores increased electrolyte loss from susceptible apple leaves soon after inoculation.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Organ / stage
- susceptible leavese0
- Treatment
- germinating sporese0
- Interactor
- Alternaria maliAlternaria malit0pathogen
- Outcome
- loss of electrolytese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- soon after spore inoculatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The physiological event of apple leaves induced by germinating spores was an increased loss of electrolytes from susceptible leaves.”
e1“This reaction was evident soon after spore inoculation”
t0“Alternaria mali”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute electrolyte leakage to AM-toxin released by germinating spores.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Interactor
- Alternaria maliAlternaria malit0pathogen
- Compound
- AM-toxine0
- Outcome
- leakagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating that the leakage was caused by AM-toxin from germinating spores.”
e1“The physiological event of apple leaves induced by germinating spores”
t0“Alternaria mali”
Claim · model-written summary
Typical symptoms developed only in susceptible apple leaves within 48hr of pathogenic-spore inoculation.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- susceptible leavese0
- Treatment
- inoculation with pathogenic sporese0
- Interactor
- Alternaria maliAlternaria malit0pathogen
- Outcome
- Typical symptomse0
- Qualifier
- within 48hre0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Typical symptoms were developed only in susceptible leaves of apple within 48hr after inoculation with pathogenic spores.”
t0“Alternaria mali”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-pathogenic isolates plus AM-toxin produced similar symptoms on susceptible apple leaves.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Organ / stage
- susceptible leavese0
- Treatment
- non-pathogenic isolates plus AM-toxine0
- Interactor
- Alternaria maliAlternaria malit0other
- Outcome
- Similar symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar symptoms occurred on susceptible leaves when non-pathogenic isolates plus AM-toxin were used.”
e1“susceptible leaves of apple”
t0“Alternaria mali”
The same questions in other papers
Alternaria mali · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
pathogen product · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.