Abstract
Abstract Heavy metals contaminate the soil that alters the properties of soil and negatively affect plants growth. Using microorganism and plant can remove these pollutants from soil. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the induced effect of Bacillus pumilus on maize plant in Cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil. Three different concentrations of Cd (i.e. 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg kg −1 ) were applied in soil under which maize plants were grown. The germination percentage, shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, root length, fresh weight and nutrient uptake by maize plant were determined. The experiment was conducted by using complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The result indicated that germination percentage, Shoot length, leaf length, root length, number of leaves, and plant fresh weight were reduced by 37, 39, 39, 32 and 59% respectively at 0.75 mg kg −1 of CdSO 4 concentration but when maize seeds inoculated with Bacillus pumilus significantly increased the germination percentage, shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, plant fresh weight at different concentrations of CdSO 4 . Moreover, the plant protein were significantly increased by 60% in T6 (0.25 mg kg −1 of CdSO 4 + inoculated seed) and Peroxidase dismutase (POD) was also significantly higher by 346% in T6 (0.25 mg kg −1 of CdSO 4 + inoculated seed), however, the Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly higher in T5 (0.75 mg kg −1 of CdSO 4 + uninoculated seed) and was 769% higher as compared to control. The Cd contents in Bacillus pumilus inoculated maize roots and shoots were decreased. The present investigations indicated that the inoculation of maize plant with Bacillus pumilus can help maize plants to withstand Cd stress but higher concentration of Cd can harm the plant. The Bacillus pumilus has good potential to remediate Cd from soil, and also have potential to reduce the phyto availability and toxicity of Cd.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced maize germination percentage.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination percentage, Shoot length, leaf length, root length, number of leaves, and plant fresh weight were reduced by 37, 39, 39, 32 and 59% respectively at 0.75 mg kg −1 of CdSO 4 concentration”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced maize Shoot length.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination percentage, Shoot length, leaf length, root length, number of leaves, and plant fresh weight were reduced by 37, 39, 39, 32 and 59% respectively at 0.75 mg kg −1 of CdSO 4 concentration”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced maize leaf length.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination percentage, Shoot length, leaf length, root length, number of leaves, and plant fresh weight were reduced by 37, 39, 39, 32 and 59% respectively at 0.75 mg kg −1 of CdSO 4 concentration”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced maize root length.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination percentage, Shoot length, leaf length, root length, number of leaves, and plant fresh weight were reduced by 37, 39, 39, 32 and 59% respectively at 0.75 mg kg −1 of CdSO 4 concentration”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced maize plant fresh weight.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination percentage, Shoot length, leaf length, root length, number of leaves, and plant fresh weight were reduced by 37, 39, 39, 32 and 59% respectively at 0.75 mg kg −1 of CdSO 4 concentration”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus pumilus inoculation increased maize germination percentage under cadmium.
- Treatment
- inoculated with Bacillus pumiluse0
- Interactor
- Bacillus pumilusBacillus pumiluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when maize seeds inoculated with Bacillus pumilus significantly increased the germination percentage, shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, plant fresh weight at different concentrations of CdSO 4 .”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus pumilus inoculation increased maize shoot length under cadmium.
- Treatment
- inoculated with Bacillus pumiluse0
- Interactor
- Bacillus pumilusBacillus pumiluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when maize seeds inoculated with Bacillus pumilus significantly increased the germination percentage, shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, plant fresh weight at different concentrations of CdSO 4 .”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus pumilus inoculation increased maize leaf length under cadmium.
- Treatment
- inoculated with Bacillus pumiluse0
- Interactor
- Bacillus pumilusBacillus pumiluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when maize seeds inoculated with Bacillus pumilus significantly increased the germination percentage, shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, plant fresh weight at different concentrations of CdSO 4 .”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus pumilus inoculation increased maize number of leaves under cadmium.
- Treatment
- inoculated with Bacillus pumiluse0
- Interactor
- Bacillus pumilusBacillus pumiluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when maize seeds inoculated with Bacillus pumilus significantly increased the germination percentage, shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, plant fresh weight at different concentrations of CdSO 4 .”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus pumilus inoculation increased maize plant fresh weight under cadmium.
- Treatment
- inoculated with Bacillus pumiluse0
- Interactor
- Bacillus pumilusBacillus pumiluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when maize seeds inoculated with Bacillus pumilus significantly increased the germination percentage, shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, plant fresh weight at different concentrations of CdSO 4 .”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant protein rose 60% in T6.
- Treatment
- T6 (0.25 mg kg −1 of CdSO 4 + inoculated seed)e0
- Outcome
- plant proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the plant protein were significantly increased by 60% in T6 (0.25 mg kg −1 of CdSO 4 + inoculated seed)”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
POD was 346% higher in T6.
- Treatment
- T6 (0.25 mg kg −1 of CdSO 4 + inoculated seed)e0
- Outcome
- Peroxidase dismutase (POD)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 346%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Peroxidase dismutase (POD) was also significantly higher by 346% in T6 (0.25 mg kg −1 of CdSO 4 + inoculated seed)”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD was 769% higher in T5 than control.
- Treatment
- T5 (0.75 mg kg −1 of CdSO 4 + uninoculated seed)e0
- Outcome
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 769%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly higher in T5 (0.75 mg kg −1 of CdSO 4 + uninoculated seed) and was 769% higher as compared to control.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus pumilus inoculation decreased cadmium in maize roots and shoots.
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse0
- Treatment
- Bacillus pumilus inoculatede0
- Interactor
- Bacillus pumilusBacillus pumiluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- Cd contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Cd contents in Bacillus pumilus inoculated maize roots and shoots were decreased.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer Bacillus pumilus may remediate soil cadmium and reduce its plant availability and toxicity.
- Interactor
- Bacillus pumilusBacillus pumiluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- phyto availability and toxicity of Cde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Bacillus pumilus has good potential to remediate Cd from soil, and also have potential to reduce the phyto availability and toxicity of Cd.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
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