Abstract
Performance of maize (Zea mays L.) grown in sequence with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was evaluated under conservation agriculture and nitrogen management practices for two consecutive years. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with six main plot treatments of tillage and crop establishment practices, i.e. conventional tillage-flat bed (CT-F), CT-raised bed (CT-B), zero tillage-flat bed with crop residue (ZT-F+R) and without crop residue (ZT-F), ZT-raised bed with crop residue (ZT-B+R) and without crop residue (ZT-B), and four sub-plot treatments of fertilizer-nitrogen (N), i.e. 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha−1. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect of conservation agriculture (CA) on performance of maize was observed during second year of the study. Significantly higher values of plant height and yield attributes, viz., grains grain row−1, grains cob−1 and cobs ha−1 were recorded under ZT-B+R than rest of the treatments, except CT-B. ZT-B+R recorded significantly higher grain, stover and biological yields and improved nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake as compared to other treatments, except CT-B in case of yields. Grain yield with ZT-B+R improved significantly by 7.9% to 15.5%, 15.0% to 16.0% and 8.6% to 12.1% over CT-F, ZT-F and ZT-F+R, respectively. ZT-F and ZT-B practices reduced the cost of cultivation on an average by 18.9% as compared to CT practices. ZT-B registered the maximum net returns ( 29.17×103 ha−1), B: C ratio (1.98) and economic efficiency ( 291.7 ha−1 day−1). Significantly higher values of most of the growth, yields, nutrient uptake and monetary parameters were recorded at 120 kg N ha−1 as compared to other N levels. However, the economic optimum dose of N derived from quadratic response function was 142 kg N ha−1 for the best yield producing treatment, i.e. ZT-B+R. Therefore, the maximum maize productivity with higher nutrient content and gross returns could be achieved with CA(ZT-B+R) and optimum N fertilization.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Maize under ZT-B+R had higher plant height than the other treatments, except CT-B.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Performance of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“Significantly higher values of plant height and yield attributes, viz., grains grain row−1, grains cob−1 and cobs ha−1 were recorded under ZT-B+R than rest of the treatments, except CT-B”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize under ZT-B+R had higher yield attributes (grains per row, grains per cob and cobs per ha) than the other treatments, except CT-B.
- Treatment
- ZT-B+Re1
- Outcome
- grains grain row−1, grains cob−1 and cobs ha−1e1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Performance of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“Significantly higher values of plant height and yield attributes, viz., grains grain row−1, grains cob−1 and cobs ha−1 were recorded under ZT-B+R than rest of the treatments, except CT-B”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize under ZT-B+R had higher grain, stover and biological yields than the other treatments, except CT-B in grain and biological yield.
- Treatment
- ZT-B+Re2
- Outcome
- grain, stover and biological yieldse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- other treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Performance of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“ZT-B+R recorded significantly higher grain, stover and biological yields and improved nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake as compared to other treatments, except CT-B in case of yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize under ZT-B+R improved nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake compared with other treatments.
- Treatment
- ZT-B+Re2
- Outcome
- nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptakee2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- other treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Performance of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“ZT-B+R recorded significantly higher grain, stover and biological yields and improved nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake as compared to other treatments, except CT-B in case of yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield under ZT-B+R improved by 7.9% to 15.5% over CT-F.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Performance of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e3“Grain yield with ZT-B+R improved significantly by 7.9% to 15.5%, 15.0% to 16.0% and 8.6% to 12.1% over CT-F, ZT-F and ZT-F+R, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield under ZT-B+R improved by 15.0% to 16.0% over ZT-F.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Performance of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e3“Grain yield with ZT-B+R improved significantly by 7.9% to 15.5%, 15.0% to 16.0% and 8.6% to 12.1% over CT-F, ZT-F and ZT-F+R, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield under ZT-B+R improved by 8.6% to 12.1% over ZT-F+R.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Performance of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e3“Grain yield with ZT-B+R improved significantly by 7.9% to 15.5%, 15.0% to 16.0% and 8.6% to 12.1% over CT-F, ZT-F and ZT-F+R, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT-F and ZT-B practices reduced cost of cultivation by 18.9% on average compared with conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- ZT-F and ZT-B practicese4
- Outcome
- cost of cultivatione4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 18.9%e4
- Comparator
- CT practicese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Performance of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e4“ZT-F and ZT-B practices reduced the cost of cultivation on an average by 18.9% as compared to CT practices”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT-B registered the maximum net returns in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Performance of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e5“ZT-B registered the maximum net returns ( 29.17×103 ha−1), B: C ratio (1.98) and economic efficiency ( 291.7 ha−1 day−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT-B had a higher B: C ratio (1.98) in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Performance of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e5“ZT-B registered the maximum net returns ( 29.17×103 ha−1), B: C ratio (1.98) and economic efficiency ( 291.7 ha−1 day−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT-B had a higher economic efficiency (291.7 ha−1 day−1) in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Performance of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e5“ZT-B registered the maximum net returns ( 29.17×103 ha−1), B: C ratio (1.98) and economic efficiency ( 291.7 ha−1 day−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize at 120 kg N ha−1 had higher growth and yield than at other N levels.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Performance of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e6“Significantly higher values of most of the growth, yields, nutrient uptake and monetary parameters were recorded at 120 kg N ha−1 as compared to other N levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize at 120 kg N ha−1 had higher nutrient uptake and monetary parameters than at other N levels.
- Treatment
- 120 kg N ha−1e6
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake and monetary parameterse6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- other N levelse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Performance of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e6“Significantly higher values of most of the growth, yields, nutrient uptake and monetary parameters were recorded at 120 kg N ha−1 as compared to other N levels”
Claim · model-written summary
The economic optimum N dose for the best yielding treatment, ZT-B+R, was 142 kg N ha−1 in maize.
- Treatment
- ZT-B+Re7
- Outcome
- economic optimum dose of Ne7
- Value
- 142 kg N ha−1e7
- Qualifier
- derived from quadratic response functione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Performance of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e7“the economic optimum dose of N derived from quadratic response function was 142 kg N ha−1 for the best yield producing treatment, i.e. ZT-B+R”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum maize productivity with higher nutrient content and gross returns could be achieved with CA (ZT-B+R) and optimum N fertilization.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Performance of maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“the maximum maize productivity with higher nutrient content and gross returns could be achieved with CA(ZT-B+R) and optimum N fertilization”
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