Abstract
Stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis tritici) is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat. The most effective ways to control stripe rust are the use of resistant cultivars and the timely use of an appropriate dose of fungicide. However, the changing nature of rust pathogen outwits the use of resistant cultivars, and the use of a fungicide is associated with environmental problems. To control the disease without sacrificing the environment, we screened 16 endophytic bacteria, which were isolated from stripe rust-resistant wheat cultivars in our previous study, for their biocontrol potential. A total of 5 bacterial strains Serratia marcescens 3A, Bacillus megaterium 6A, Paneibacillus xylanexedens 7A, Bacillus subtilis 11A, and Staphyloccus agentis 15A showed significant inhibition of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) urediniospores germination. Two formulations i.e., fermented liquid with bacterial cell (FLBC) and fermented liquid without bacterial cells (FL) of each bacterial strain, were evaluated against the urediniospores germination. Formulations of five selected endophytic bacteria strains significantly inhibited the uredinioospores germination in the lab experiments. It was further confirmed on seedlings of Pakistani susceptible wheat cultivar Inqilab-91 in the greenhouse, as well as in semi-field conditions. FLBC and FL formulations applied 24 h before Pst inoculation (hbi) displayed a protective mode. The efficacy of FLBC was between 34.45 and 87.77%, while the efficacy of FL was between 39.27 and 85.16% when applied 24 hbi. The inoculated wheat cultivar Inqilab-91 was also tested under semi-field conditions during the 2017-2018 cropping season at the adult plant stage. The strains Bacillus megaterium 6A and Paneibacillus xylanexedens 7A alone significantly reduced the disease severity of stripe rust with the efficacy of 65.16% and 61.11% for the FLBC in protective effect, while 46.07% and 44.47% in curative effect, respectively. Inoculated seedlings of Inqilab-91 showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). The treated seedlings also showed higher expressions of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes, antifungal protein (PR-1), β-1,3-endoglucanases (PR-2), endochitinases (PR-4), peroxidase (PR-9), and ribonuclease-like proteins (PR-10). These results indicated that endophytic bacteria have the biocontrol potential, which can be used to manage stripe rust disease. High production antioxidant enzymes, as well as high expression of PR protein genes, might be crucial in triggering the host defense mechanism against Pst.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Five bacterial strains significantly inhibited pathogen urediniospore germination.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst)
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie0pathogen - Outcome
- Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) urediniospores germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 5 bacterial strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 5 bacterial strains Serratia marcescens 3A, Bacillus megaterium 6A, Paneibacillus xylanexedens 7A, Bacillus subtilis 11A, and Staphyloccus agentis 15A showed significant inhibition of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) urediniospores germination.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Formulations of five strains significantly inhibited urediniospore germination in the lab.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Formulations of five selected endophytic bacteria strainse0
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis tritici
Puccinia striiformise2pathogen - Outcome
- uredinioospores germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Setting
- lab experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Formulations of five selected endophytic bacteria strains significantly inhibited the uredinioospores germination in the lab experiments.”
t0“wheat”
e2“Puccinia striiformis tritici”
Claim · model-written summary
FLBC applied 24 hours before inoculation had protective efficacy of 34.45 to 87.77%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- FLBCe0
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis triticiPuccinia striiformise2pathogen
- Outcome
- efficacy of FLBCe0
- Value
- 34.45 and 87.77%e0
- Qualifier
- 24 hbie0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of FLBC was between 34.45 and 87.77%, while the efficacy of FL was between 39.27 and 85.16% when applied 24 hbi.”
t0“wheat”
e2“Puccinia striiformis tritici”
Claim · model-written summary
FL applied 24 hours before inoculation had protective efficacy of 39.27 to 85.16%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- FLe0
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis triticiPuccinia striiformise2pathogen
- Outcome
- efficacy of FLe0
- Value
- 39.27 and 85.16%e0
- Qualifier
- 24 hbie0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of FLBC was between 34.45 and 87.77%, while the efficacy of FL was between 39.27 and 85.16% when applied 24 hbi.”
t0“wheat”
e2“Puccinia striiformis tritici”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus megaterium 6A protective FLBC treatment reduced adult wheat stripe rust severity with 65.16% efficacy.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Bacillus megaterium 6Ae0
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis triticiPuccinia striiformise2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus megaterium 6A
Priestia megateriume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- disease severity of stripe ruste0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 65.16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strains Bacillus megaterium 6A and Paneibacillus xylanexedens 7A alone significantly reduced the disease severity of stripe rust with the efficacy of 65.16% and 61.11% for the FLBC in protective effect, while 46.07% and 44.47% in curative effect, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
e2“Puccinia striiformis tritici”
Claim · model-written summary
Paneibacillus xylanexedens 7A protective FLBC treatment reduced adult stripe rust severity with 61.11% efficacy.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Paneibacillus xylanexedens 7Ae0
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis triticiPuccinia striiformise2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Paneibacillus xylanexedens 7Ae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severity of stripe ruste0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 61.11%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strains Bacillus megaterium 6A and Paneibacillus xylanexedens 7A alone significantly reduced the disease severity of stripe rust with the efficacy of 65.16% and 61.11% for the FLBC in protective effect, while 46.07% and 44.47% in curative effect, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
e2“Puccinia striiformis tritici”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus megaterium 6A curative FLBC treatment reduced stripe rust severity with 46.07% efficacy.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Bacillus megaterium 6Ae0
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis triticiPuccinia striiformise2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus megaterium 6APriestia megateriume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severity of stripe ruste0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 46.07%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strains Bacillus megaterium 6A and Paneibacillus xylanexedens 7A alone significantly reduced the disease severity of stripe rust with the efficacy of 65.16% and 61.11% for the FLBC in protective effect, while 46.07% and 44.47% in curative effect, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
e2“Puccinia striiformis tritici”
Claim · model-written summary
Paneibacillus xylanexedens 7A curative FLBC treatment reduced stripe rust severity with 44.47% efficacy.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Paneibacillus xylanexedens 7Ae0
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis triticiPuccinia striiformise2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Paneibacillus xylanexedens 7Ae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severity of stripe ruste0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 44.47%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strains Bacillus megaterium 6A and Paneibacillus xylanexedens 7A alone significantly reduced the disease severity of stripe rust with the efficacy of 65.16% and 61.11% for the FLBC in protective effect, while 46.07% and 44.47% in curative effect, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
e2“Puccinia striiformis tritici”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated wheat seedlings showed higher SOD, POD and PPO activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Inqilab-91e0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated seedlings of Inqilab-91 showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated seedlings showed higher PAL activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Inqilab-91e0
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated seedlings of Inqilab-91 showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated seedlings showed higher expression of PR-1, PR-2 and PR-4 genes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- antifungal protein (PR-1), β-1,3-endoglucanases (PR-2), endochitinases (PR-4)e0
- Outcome
- higher expressions of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genese0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treated seedlings also showed higher expressions of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes, antifungal protein (PR-1), β-1,3-endoglucanases (PR-2), endochitinases (PR-4), peroxidase (PR-9), and ribonuclease-like proteins (PR-10).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated seedlings showed higher expression of PR-9 and PR-10 genes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- peroxidase (PR-9), and ribonuclease-like proteins (PR-10)e0
- Outcome
- higher expressions of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genese0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treated seedlings also showed higher expressions of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes, antifungal protein (PR-1), β-1,3-endoglucanases (PR-2), endochitinases (PR-4), peroxidase (PR-9), and ribonuclease-like proteins (PR-10).”
t0“wheat”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Puccinia striiformis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.