Abstract
Despite being of vital importance for seed establishment and grain quality, starch degradation remains poorly understood in organs such as cereal or legume seeds. In cereals, starch degradation requires the synergetic action of different isoforms of α-amylases. Ubiquitous overexpression of TaAmy2 resulted in a 2.0-437.6-fold increase of total α-amylase activity in developing leaf and harvested grains. These increases led to dramatic alterations of starch visco-properties and augmentation of soluble carbohydrate levels (mainly sucrose and α-gluco-oligosaccharide) in grain. Interestingly, the overexpression of TaAMY2 led to an absence of dormancy in ripened grain due to abscisic acid (ABA) insensitivity. Using an allosteric α-amylase inhibitor (acarbose), we demonstrated that ABA insensitivity was due to the increased soluble carbohydrate generated by the α-amylase excess. Independent from the TaAMY2 overexpression, inhibition of α-amylase during germination led to the accumulation of soluble α-gluco-oligosaccharides without affecting the first stage of germination. These findings support the hypotheses that (i) endosperm sugar may overcome ABA signalling and promote sprouting, and (ii) α-amylase may not be required for the initial stage of grain germination, an observation that questions the function of the amylolytic enzyme in the starch degradation process during germination.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
TaAmy2 overexpression raised α-amylase activity in developing leaves and harvested grains by 2.0-437.6-fold.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- developing leaf and harvested grainse0
- Treatment
- Ubiquitous overexpression of TaAmy2e0
- Gene
- TaAmy2e0
- Outcome
- total α-amylase activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 2.0-437.6-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ubiquitous overexpression of TaAmy2 resulted in a 2.0-437.6-fold increase of total α-amylase activity in developing leaf and harvested grains”
t0“wheat α‐amylase type 2”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in α-amylase activity dramatically altered grain starch visco-properties.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Outcome
- starch visco-propertiese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These increases led to dramatic alterations of starch visco-properties and augmentation of soluble carbohydrate levels (mainly sucrose and α-gluco-oligosaccharide) in grain”
t0“wheat α‐amylase type 2”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in α-amylase activity augmented soluble carbohydrate levels in grain.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Outcome
- soluble carbohydrate levelse0
- Direction
- augmentatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“augmentation of soluble carbohydrate levels (mainly sucrose and α-gluco-oligosaccharide) in grain”
t0“wheat α‐amylase type 2”
Claim · model-written summary
TaAMY2 overexpression eliminated dormancy in ripened grain, attributed to ABA insensitivity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- overexpression of TaAMY2e0
- Gene
- TaAMY2e0
- Outcome
- absence of dormancy in ripened graine0
- Qualifier
- abscisic acid (ABA) insensitivitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the overexpression of TaAMY2 led to an absence of dormancy in ripened grain due to abscisic acid (ABA) insensitivity”
t0“wheat α‐amylase type 2”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA insensitivity was attributed to increased soluble carbohydrate generated by excess α-amylase.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- ABA insensitivitye0
- Qualifier
- increased soluble carbohydrate generated by the α-amylase excesse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA insensitivity was due to the increased soluble carbohydrate generated by the α-amylase excess”
t0“wheat α‐amylase type 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibiting α-amylase during germination accumulated soluble α-gluco-oligosaccharides.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inhibition of α-amylase during germinatione0
- Gene
- α-amylasee0
- Outcome
- accumulation of soluble α-gluco-oligosaccharidese0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibition of α-amylase during germination led to the accumulation of soluble α-gluco-oligosaccharides without affecting the first stage of germination”
t0“wheat α‐amylase type 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibiting α-amylase during germination did not affect the first stage of germination.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inhibition of α-amylase during germinatione0
- Outcome
- first stage of germinatione0
- Direction
- without affectinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibition of α-amylase during germination led to the accumulation of soluble α-gluco-oligosaccharides without affecting the first stage of germination”
t0“wheat α‐amylase type 2”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors hypothesize that endosperm sugar may overcome ABA signalling and promote sprouting.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- sproutinge0
- Qualifier
- endosperm sugar may overcome ABA signallinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“endosperm sugar may overcome ABA signalling and promote sprouting”
t0“wheat α‐amylase type 2”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors hypothesize that α-amylase may be unnecessary for initial grain germination.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- α-amylasee0
- Outcome
- initial stage of grain germinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“α-amylase may not be required for the initial stage of grain germination”
t0“wheat α‐amylase type 2”
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See all 62 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.